Two related and relatively obscure issues in science have eluded empirical tractability. Both can be directly traced to progress in artificial intelligence. The first is scientific proof of consciousness or otherwise in anything. The second is the role of consciousness in intelligent behaviour. This document approaches both issues by exploring the idea of using scientific behaviour self-referen...

Critical consciousness defines as the process of continuously reflecting upon and questioning how biases, assumptions, cultural worldviews affect ways perceiving difference power dynamics between individuals (Pitner & Sakamoto, 2005, p.4). Counselors should provide objective counseling practices to clients, students, families have an ethical stand. ASCA (2016) stated that school counsel...

Cross-cultural education is thought to develop critical consciousness of how unequal distributions of power and privilege affect people's health. Learners in different sociopolitical settings can join together in developing critical consciousness-awareness of power and privilege dynamics in society-by means of communication technology. The aim of this research was to define strengths and limita...

Critical consciousness refers to the ways in which individuals come to understand and challenge oppressive social forces. Philosopher-educator Paulo Freire argued that critical curiosity—an eagerness to learn more about and develop a deep understanding of issues of social justice—serves as an important catalyst to critical consciousness development. Yet, relatively little scholarship has consid...

The study explores learning processes and outcomes inside grassroots innovations that are emerging in post-Euromaidan times in Ukraine. The study analyses the assumption that this non-traditional education space can be adequate for sustainability transition learning and critical consciousness development. First, the study describes, connects, and operationalizes the concepts of critical conscio...

In their essay, ‘The ubiquity of conscious­ ness’, Trewavas and Baluska ask “on what experimental evidence, other than supposition, do we reject consciousness in other organisms?” [1]. The authors use some examples of adaptive behavioural responses of animals and plants to argue that con­ sciousness is everywhere. Their ambition to approach the question of consciousness without bias is brave, b...

This mixed-model study examined the relationship between urban adolescents' perceived support for challenging racism, sexism, and social injustice from peers, family, and community members and their critical consciousness development. These relationships were examined by relating participants' qualitative perceptions of support for challenging racism, sexism, and social injustice to quantitativ...