This paper studies the effects of symmetrical voltage sags on the operational characteristics of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) by Finite Element Method (FEM). Voltage sags may cause high torque pulsations which can damage the shaft or equipment connected to the motor. By recognizing the critical voltage sags, sags that produce hazardous torque variations could be prevented. Simula...

Voltage-gated ion channels generate dynamic ionic currents that are vital to the physiological functions of many tissues. These proteins contain separate voltage-sensing domains, which detect changes in transmembrane voltage, and pore domains, which conduct ions. Coupling of voltage sensing and pore opening is critical to the channel function and has been modeled as a protein-protein interactio...

In this paper, a new control strategy is proposed for implementation in low-voltage microgrids with balanced/ unbalanced load circumstances. The proposed scheme contains, the power droop controllers, inner voltage and current loops, the virtual impedance loop, the voltage imbalance compensation. The proposed strategy balances the voltage of the single-phase critical loads by compensating the im...

Voltage-activated proteins can sense, and respond to, changes in the electric field pervading the cell membrane by virtue of a transmembrane helix bundle, the voltage-sensing domain (VSD). Canonical VSDs consist of four transmembrane helices (S1-S4) of which S4 is considered a principal component because it possesses charged residues immersed in the electric field. Membrane depolarization compe...

An analytical description of transmembrane voltage induced on spherical cells was determined in the 1950s, and the tools for numerical assessment of transmembrane voltage induced on spheroidal cells were developed in the 1970s. However, it has often been claimed that an analytical description is unattainable for spheroidal cells, while others have asserted that even if attainable, it does not b...

Voltage-gated ion channels sense transmembrane voltage changes via a paddle-shaped motif that includes the C-terminal part of the third transmembrane segment (S3b) and the N-terminal part of the fourth segment ((NT)S4) that harbors voltage-sensing arginines. Here, we find that residue triplets in S3b and (NT)S4 can be deleted individually, or even in some combinations, without compromising the ...

Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 43 (1997) 285-291 Sensitivity of transmembrane voltage induced by applied electric fields-a theoretical analysis Tadej Kotnik, Feda Bobanovic *, Damijan Miklavcic University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Trzaskn 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Received 4 December 1996; revised 20 January 1997 The sensitivity of induced transmembrane voltage ...

BK (Maxi-K) channel activity is allosterically regulated by a Ca2+ sensor, formed primarily by the channel's large cytoplasmic carboxyl tail segment, and a voltage sensor, formed by its transmembrane helices. As with other voltage-gated K channels, voltage sensing in the BK channel is accomplished through interactions of the S1-S4 transmembrane segments with the electric field. However, the BK ...

An excitation wave in cardiac tissue will fail to propagate if the transmembrane voltage at its front rises too slowly and does not excite the tissue ahead of it. Then the sharp voltage profile of the front will dissipate, and the subsequent spread of voltage will be purely diffusive. This mechanism is impossible in FitzHugh-Nagumo type systems. Here a simplified mathematical model for this mec...