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Abstract This work describes cryogenic ex situ lift out (cryo-EXLO) of focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) thinned specimens for analysis by transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The steps and apparatus necessary cryo-EXLO are described. Methods designed to limit ice contamination include use an anti-frost lid, a vacuum transfer assembly, cryostat. Cryo-EXLO is performed in cryostat with the cry...

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) allows for the visualization of biological material in a close-to-native state, in three dimensions and with nanometer scale resolution. However, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio inherent to imaging of the radiation-sensitive frozen-hydrated samples, it appears often times impossible to localize structures within heterogeneous samples. Because a major pote...

Azobenzene containing liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are among of the most prominent photoresponsive polymers due to their fast and reversible response to different light stimuli. To bring new functions into the present framework, novel modifications in bulk material morphology are required. Therefore, we produced azobenzene LCE free-standing films with different porosities. While the porosit...

Background: Currently, Glucantime is considered the first-line treatment of cutaneous Leishmaniasis. This study aimed to evaluation of intralesional Glucantime (IG) and Cryotherapy (Cryo) plus intralesional Glucantime (Cryo and IG) therapeutic efficacy on Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Qom province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial of 197 CL patients reporte...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the safety of cryopreservation in combination with IVF and ICSI, prenatal diagnosis and neonatal outcome were investigated in children conceived from frozen-thawed ICSI embryos (cryo ICSI) and frozen-thawed IVF embryos (cryo IVF). Data were also compared with earlier published results from fresh ICSI and IVF embryos. METHODS Questionnaire data and results of physical ex...

The coupling of cryo-light microscopy (cryo-LM) and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) poses a number of advantages for understanding cellular dynamics and ultrastructure. First, cells can be imaged in a near native environment for both techniques. Second, due to the vitrification process, samples are preserved by rapid physical immobilization rather than slow chemical fixation. Third, imaging ...

Single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is an emerging powerful tool for structural studies of macromolecular assemblies (i.e., protein complexes and viruses). Although single particle cryo-EM requires less concentrated and smaller amounts of samples than X-ray crystallography, it remains challenging to study specimens that are low-abundance, low-yield, or short-lived. The recent dev...

Enhancing the accuracy of an approximate cost estimate is a critical issue since the estimate ordinarily predicts the total cost of a project with insufficient project information. In order to facilitate the approximate cost estimate process, this paper proposes a computer-based integrated system that enables the flexibility to varying amount and accuracy of available information, higher accura...

In cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), vitreously frozen biological specimens can tolerate only a limited electron dose for imaging. Therefore, cryo-EM micrographs display weak contrast and a poor signal-to-noise ratio. This limits data interpretability and prevents efficient application of cryo-EM to a wider range of biological problems. Continued efforts have been invested in imaging methods ...