splenogonadal fusion is a rare entity with approximately 150 reported cases until the year 2005. the entity is a rare congenital anomaly in which there is fusion of splenic and gonadal anlagen or mesonephric derivatives. splenogonadal fusion has two continuous and discontinuous types. about ten cases have been reported to be associated with bilateral cryptorchidism in literature. very few cases...

Background: External genital anomalies are the most common congenital disorders in male infants with unknown etiology in the majority of cases. According to recent reports, incidence rate of these anomalies is rising in different countries. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of external genital anomalies and possible underlying factors in male newborns. Methods: This cross-sectional st...

CONTEXT Cryptorchidism is the most frequent congenital birth defect in male children and represents an important risk factor for infertility and testicular cancer. Major regulators of testicular descent are the hormones insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and testosterone, and disruption of these pathways might cause cryptorchidism. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of genetic alterations in cry...

CONTEXT Cryptorchidism is the most frequent congenital malformation among males, the major established risk factor for testicular germ cell tumors, and a presumed infertility risk factor. Androgens are essential for testicular descent, and functional genetic polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene (AR) are postulated to influence cryptorchidism risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to ...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested gestational weeks 8-14 as a time window of particular importance to the intrauterine development of the male genitalia, and prenatal exposure to alcohol is under suspicion as a risk factor for cryptorchidism. We examined if prenatal exposure to alcohol, and especially binge drinking, during the suggested programming window is associated with an increased...

PURPOSE The purpose of this chapter is to review hormonal therapy in cryptorchidism in boys to improve fertility. METHODS Multiple searches, primarily in PubMed, were performed using various combinations of the terms: cryptorchidism, undescended testis (UDT), hormonal therapy, fertility, infertility, germ cell numbers, spermatogonia and semen analyses. In additions the pertinent articles from...

background: external genital anomalies are the most common congenital disorders in male infants with unknown etiology in the majority of cases. according to recent reports, incidence rate of these anomalies is rising in different countries. this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of external genital anomalies and possible underlying factors in male newborns. methods: this cross-sectional st...

BACKGROUND: Disruption of testicular function and arrest ofspermatogenesis are the consequence of cryptorchidism inresponse to elevated temperature. OBJECTIVES:This investigationwas set to clarify the possible ghrelin efficacy in altering somesperm quality parameters upon experimentally-induced cryptorchidism.METHODS: Thirty male adult rats were scheduled for thestudy and were divided into thre...

BACKGROUND The etiologies of the male urogenital anomalies--cryptorchidism and hypospadias--are poorly understood. Given positive associations between chlordane isomers and testicular germ cell tumors, it is reasonable to assume that chlordanes might also be associated with other testicular dysgenesis syndrome disorders, namely cryptorchidism and hypospadias. OBJECTIVE To examine whether expo...