Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, thereby involving the arachnoid, the pia and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is divided into viral and bacterial meningitis. For different reasons the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is very important. The examination of CSF samples may provide information about causative microorganism. The sensivity of ...

 Introduction: In some intoxicated patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is examined due to the prolonged loss of consciousness, focal neurologic findings, and fever of unknown origin. We aimed to evaluate the probable relationship between the different toxicity causes and the CSF indices in poisoned patients and determine if they could predict the patients’ outcome. Methods: All patients who h...

Alzheimer Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Increasing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is not restricted to the neuronal compartment, but includes strong interactions with immunological mechanisms in the brain. In vitro and animal studies have linked neuroinflammation to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Studies on marke...

Abstract The receptor for colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1R) is important the survival and function of myeloid cells that mediate pathology during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model multiple sclerosis (MS). CSF-1 IL-34, ligands CSF-1R, have similar bio-activities but distinct tissue context-dependent expression patterns, suggesting they different roles. This coul...

Background: M-CSF is a cytokine mediating the growth, proliferation and differentiation of various cell types including macrophages, trophoblast cells, and osteoclasts. It plays an important role in immunity reproduction, follicle development and ovulation. In the present study, we describe the important role of the changes in serum M-CSF levels during the menstrual cycle, in the process of fol...

background : meningitis is more common during the neonatal period than other periods of life and has a prevalence of one in 1000 live births. the similarity of its clinical manifestations with other infectious diseases makes it difficult to diagnose. the aim of the current study was to determine the relationship between age, sex, clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory test results of newbor...