backgrounds: most of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections elicit poor immune responses and 75% to 85% of cases become chronic therefore, the development of an effective vaccine against hcv is of paramount importance. in this study, we aimed to evaluate co-administration of hcv non-structural protein 2 and il-12 dna vaccines in c57bl/6 mice. methods: a plasmid encoding full-length hcv ns2 prot...

In a recent phase II clinical trial using banked allogeneic CTL lines to treat EBV-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, a response rate of 52% was recorded 6 mo posttreatment. Tumor response was associated with an increase in both CTL/recipient HLA matches and CD4(+) T cells within the infused CTL lines. The present study was undertaken to correlate tumor response with CTL spe...

human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) is associated with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atl) and htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). only a limited percentage of infected individuals develop disease in response to the virus while the majority remain asymptomatic and ham/tsp is the most common clinical manifestation of the virus. ham/tsp is an inflamma...

Upon primary challenge with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), H-2d (BALB/cByJ) mice mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to a single immunodominant domain of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) but no detectable response to the viral glycoprotein (GP). To manipulate this CTL response, the viral NP gene was expressed in the thymus and peripheral T lymphocytes using the murine Thy1.2 p...

Stable periodic oscillations have been shown to exist in mathematical models for the CTL response to HTLV-I infection. These periodic oscillations can be the result of mitosis of infected target CD4(+) cells, of a general form of response function, or of time delays in the CTL response. In this study, we show through a simple mathematical model that time delays in the CTL response process to HT...

The major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is important in the clearance of viral infections in humans. After influenza A infection, a peptide from the matrix protein, M58-66, is presented in the context of the MHC allele HLA-A0201 and the resulting CTL response is detectable in most HLA-A0201 subjects. An initial study suggested that M58-66-sp...

We have evaluated the potential of conferring protective immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) by selectively inducing an HSV-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response directed against a single major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CTL recognition epitope. We generated a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV-ES-gB498-505) which expresses the H-2Kb-restricted, HSV-1...

The major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is important in the clearance of viral infections in humans. After influenza A infection, a peptide from the matrix protein, M58-66, is presented in the context of the MHC allele HLA-A0201 and the resulting CTL response is detectable in most HLA-A0201 subjects. An initial study suggested that M58-66-sp...

The dynamical behaviors for a five-dimensional viral infection model with three delays which describes the interactions of antibody, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses, and nonlinear incidence rate are investigated. The threshold values for viral infection, antibody response, CTL immune response, CTL immune competition, and antibody competition, respectively, are established. Under c...