the classical test theory (ctt) and item response theory (irt) are widely used in construction and analysis of exams and questionnaires. because of the various shortcomings of ctt, irt has been designed. even though irt has overcome most of the limitations of ctt and has made computer adaptive testing possible, it is still important to point out that not enough reasons exist to totally discard ...

BACKGROUND Microtubules (MTs) support diverse transport and force generation processes in cells. Both α- and β-tubulin proteins possess carboxy-terminal tail regions (CTTs) that are negatively charged, intrinsically disordered, and project from the MT surface where they interact with motors and other proteins. Although CTTs are presumed to play important roles in MT networks, these roles have n...

Vascular endothelial cell growth inhibitor (VEGI) is a recently identified antiangiogenic cytokine that belongs to the TNF superfamily, and could effectively inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Synthetic peptide CTT (CTTHWGFTLC) has been found to suppress invasion and migration of both tumor and endothelial cells by potent and selective inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9. To pre...

In vivo coating of red cells by antibody and/or complement is detected using various sensitive techniques, however most hospitals even today rely on the conventional tube technique (CTT). We compared the performance of the CTT and recently introduced gel test (GT) in the evaluation of direct antiglobulin test (DAT). The CTT and GT were first compared using in-house prepared control cells. The p...

Physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. We examined the colon transit time (CTT) according to the total energy expenditure (TEE) in psychiatry unit patients. The study participants included 67 adults, with a mean age of 49.8 years. The participants used an accelerometer for 7 days to measure their 1-week TEE. They took a capsule containing 20 radio-opaque marke...

BACKGROUND Measuring colonic transit time (CTT) by the radio-opaque marker method is simple, widely available and important for the diagnosis of slow transit constipation. Moreover, the effects of gender and menstrual cycle on CTT remain controversial. Thus, in this study, we examined the effects of gender and menstrual cycle on CTT in healthy subjects. METHODS We measured CTT in 42 healthy s...

BACKGROUND Measurement of colonic transit time (CTT) is sometimes used in the evaluation of patients with chronic constipation. AIM To investigate the relation between symptoms and CTT, and to assess the importance of symptoms and CTT in predicting outcome. METHODS Between 1995 and 2000, 169 consecutive patients (median age 8.4 years, 65% boys) fulfilling the criteria for constipation were ...

Common complications of chest tube thoracostomy (CTT) include lung laceration, chest wall bleeding, improper position of tube, subcutaneous emphysema, and so on. Although intra-abdominal injury because of CTT was possible in stomach, spleen, and liver, published reports are rare and no case of life-threatening hemoperitoneum because of CTT has been published in the literature. Here, we present ...

Estimates of colonic transit times (CTT) through the three colonic segments, right colon, left colon, and rectosigmoid, are commonly based on radiopaque markers. For a given segment, CTT is usually calculated from just the number of markers visible in that segment on abdominal X-rays. This procedure is only strictly valid for the theoretical, but unrealistic, case of continuous marker ingestion...