Testosterone (T) concentrations change rapidly in the context of human competition, and these changes in neuroendocrine function may serve to modulate future aggressive behavior. However, an increase in T during competition does not translate into aggressive behavior among all individuals. Here, we examined the extent to which individual differences in trait anxiety moderate the relationship be...

reactivity (AHR), because of inherent problems with using a pharmacologic agent in epidemiologic surveys. To our knowledge, no studies exist that compare MIC with EVH in known asthmatics. We conducted a prospective, randomized, crossover trial with a group of subjects (n = 16) who met the American Thoracic Society definition of asthma with these objectives: (1) to compare the sensitivity of EVH...

Objective: The purpose of this study is provide an historical arbitrary. The later models, however, assume that the nature context for current behavioral models of hypertension. Methof the eliciting stimulus is a determinant of the cardiovascular ods: A selective sample of the cardiovascular reactivity literaresponse. We describe the increasing complexity of the four ture was reviewed, from 193...

Research on assessing craving in laboratory settings often involves inducing and then measuring craving in subjects. Cue-induced craving is studied in laboratory settings using the cue reactivity paradigm, in which drug-related photos, videos, evocative scripts, olfactory cues, and paraphernalia may induce craving. Cue-induced craving evoked by drug-related stimuli could be associated with rela...

Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug with crucial impacts on individuals on various levels. Exposure to methamphetamine-associated cues in laboratory can elicit measureable craving and autonomic reactivity in most individuals with methamphetamine dependence and the cue reactivity can model how craving would result in continued drug seeking behaviors and relapse in rea...

introduction: a fixed hemodynamic response function (hrf) is commonly used for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) analysis. however, hrf may vary from region to region and subject to subject. we investigated the effect of locally estimated hrf (in functionally homogenous parcels) on activation detection sensitivity in a heroin cue reactivity study. methods: we proposed a novel explora...

The pretreatment is one of the critical steps in influencing the reaction efficiency of cellulose. In this article, several pretreatment methods of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) are presented: the ultrasonic, sodium hydroxide and 1-butyl3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) dissolution treatment, and the reactivity of cellulose to a TEMPO-NaClONaBr oxidation system is investigated. The tr...