INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 245 I. BACKGROUND OF PIRACY IN CHINA .................................................. 246 A. Piracy Today and the Increase in Internet Users .................. 246 B. History of Piracy as an Acceptable Practice in Chinese Culture .....................................................................

This study delineates the use of cultural hegemony in Charles Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities (1859) through the vantage points of Italian critic Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) who clarifies domination of the ruling class over ruled class. Cultural hegemony is the mastery of the middle class and governing groups among the lower divisions. Antonio Gramsci declares that the only means of keeping cult...

Chairman Mao first initiated the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in 1966 in order to expel capitalist influences within the Party and solidify his position as the supreme leader of China. In his " 16 Points, " Mao called on the masses and youth of China to rise up and " strike at the handful of ultra-reactionary bourgeois Rightists and counter-revolutionary revisionists, and expose and cr...

During the Cultural Revolution, many leaders of Chinese Communist Party were purged down by the movement: the president, the members of National People’s Congress, the Standing Committee of Politburo in the NPC, the premier, even the district administrative officials. For example, Liu Shaoqi was purged down by the Red Guards, Deng Xiaoping was purged down by ‘Gang of Four’. These officials were...

The paper argues that the current implementation of digital publishing is a minor step in a long development of digital text cycles. Rather than being a revolution, the digital transformation of text is an evolutionary process heavily influenced by social and cultural factors. The paper introduces the concept of a "text cycle". An examination of basic features of paper-based text cycles and fea...

The language of ‘revolution’ makes for powerful rhetoric, whether in a political realm or in the institutional politics which governs the award of academic research grants.1 In an earlier book,Rethinking Revolutions through Classical Greece, published by Cambridge University Press in 2006, we have explored how the rhetoric of revolution has come to be applied to classical Greece. There is no st...