A 3-minute 3-km rapid scan of the METEOSAT Second Generation geostationary satellite over southern Africa was applied to tracking the evolution of cloud top temperature (T ) and particle effective radius (re) of convective elements. The evolution of T -re relations showed little dependence on time, leaving re to depend almost exclusively on T . Furthermore, cloud elements that fully grew to lar...

INTRODUCTION Three-dimensional radar reflectivity data and the algorithms used to help meteorologists interpret these data are extremely important in nowcasting. However, a number of inherent problems arise when tracking thunderstorm cells with 3-dimensional reflectivity. These problems include (1) identifying cells in a complex multi-cellular thunderstorm environment, (2) detecting thunderstor...

On August 22 2020, hail was reported in Sekadau, West Kalimantan at 21:23 WIB. The phenomenon of does not usually occur night. So, further research is needed to find out how the cloud growth phase and Cumulonimbus (Cb) structure are this phenomenon. This utilizes remote sensing instruments form a C-Band type weather radar for Supadio Meteorological Station Himawari 8 Satellite, as well radioson...

The objective of this paper is to show that observations of total lightning activity provide significant benefits for thunderstorm nowcasting problems. For the purposes of this paper, the term “total lightning activity” refers to the combination of in-cloud (IC) and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes. We focus on a couple of key nowcasting issues in this paper: (1) thunderstorm growth and d...

Oceanic tropical clouds are observed to occur at various length scales over the equatorial trough zone (an area around the intertropical convergence zone or ITCZ). As one proceeds from the subtropics towards the equator, the cloud types range from small stratocumulus, small cumulus (including trade cumulus), cumulus, cumulonimbus (isolated) and large mesoscale convective systems (MCSs)with a co...

Paper presents results of experimental investigation of the main stage of the discharge between an artificially charged water aerosol cloud and a rod on the grounded plate beneath it. Three forms of the main stage of the spark discharge between the charged cloud and grounded electrode have been found. Form I has the weak brightness, the maximal current amplitude not more than 8 A, and the sharp...

A worldwide climatology of the diurnal cycles of low clouds is obtained from surface observations made eight or four times daily at 3or 6-h intervals from weather stations and ships. Harmonic fits to the daily cycle are made for 5388 weather stations with long periods of record, and for gridded data on a 58 3 58 or 108 3 108 latitude–longitude grid over land and ocean areas separately. For all ...

The terrestrial atmospheric electrical system covers a range of dimensional scales, from charged molecular clusters to convective cloud systems. Charge-exchange associated with thunderclouds leads to positive charge in the upper conductive regions of the atmosphere and a net negative charge on the planetary surface. In non-thunderstorm regions, a vertical ionic current flows, replenishing the a...