Three hundred and ninety two faecal specimens from 70 separate outbreaks of suspected Clostridium perfringens food poisoning were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA), and Vero cell assays for the presence of enterotoxin. Although the most time consuming method, ELISA was the most specific and reproducible. RPLA was slightly more sen...

sion to study the time courses of the cytotoxic reaction, some of the cells were stained, but it was difficult to establish target cells (injured cells) from other cells until about 30-60 mm after starting the reaction. Study of L-iO cell lysis with the imaging sensor system showed a slower lysis for GRSL cells: approximately 20 mm until the cell image area reached the minimum. Perhaps there ar...

Autologous mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reactions were studied utilizing autologous purified B cells and autologous established B lymphoid cell lines as stimulating cells. Similar results were obtained although somewhat greater stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation was found with the autologous lymphoid cell lines. Cytotoxic T cells were not generated against the stimulating cells in either...

Purified M protein isolated from Group A streptococci produced cytotoxic reactions in normal human blood in vitro. In the presence of M antigen, platelets aggregated, fused, and lysed. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) surrounded the platelet aggregates, then became highly vacuolated and lysed. In addition, PMN progressively lost their capacity to phagocytose unrelated bacteria and to migrate ...

Palladium-catalyzed tandem multifunctional reactions leading to the synthesis of substituted biaryl molecules have been developed including tandem Heck-direct arylation and tandem-sequential Heck-direct arylation-hydrogenation. These reactions occur in good yield and have been employed in the synthesis of a cytotoxic biaryl compound.