BACKGROUND Fetal determinants of airway function, such as in utero exposure to maternal cigarette smoke (CS), may create a predisposition to adult airflow obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood. It has been suggested that active smoking in adolescence and preexisting airflow obstruction have synergistic deleterious effects. OBJECTIVE We used a mouse model to...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor symptoms with depression. We evaluated the influence of dopaminergic depletion on hippocampal neurogenesis process to explore mechanisms of depression production. Five consecutive days of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injection in mice (MPTP-mice) reduced dopaminergic fibers in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). MPTP-mice exh...

In this paper the failure of Hardy’s nonlocality proof for the class of maximally entangled states is considered. A detailed analysis shows that the incompatibility of the Hardy equations for this class of states physically originates from the fact that the existence of quantum perfect correlations for the three pairs of two-valued observables (D11,D21), (D11,D22), and (D12,D21) [in the sense o...

Participatory budgeting (PB) is often discussed as a tool to support active participation of citizens in the decision-making matters distribution public resources. However, little was said about possibility that choice voting method used phase PB process could affect PB. In Czech Republic, Democracy 2.1 (D21) municipalities implementing and additionally, it promoted encourage more people vote. ...

BACKGROUND Sunitinib is a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor that has immune-modulating properties. In this context, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), mainly constituted by lymphocytes, could be a perfect surrogate tissue for identifying and assaying pharmacodynamic biomarkers of sunitinib. In this study, we investigated the changes in lymphocytes count as pharmacodynamic biomarke...

Potentially useful naturally occurring genetic variation is often difficult to identify as the effects of individual genes are subtle and difficult to observe. In this study, a novel genetic technique called Mutant-Assisted Gene Identification and Characterization is used to identify naturally occurring loci modulating the hypersensitive defense response (HR) in maize. Mutant-Assisted Gene Iden...

Article history: Accepted 22 April 2013 JEL classification: C62 C68 D43 D21 L13 L25

Article history: Received 26 October 2012 Available online 23 October 2015 JEL classification: J41 J24 D21

Assuming an inaccessible cardinal κ, there is a generic extension in which MA+ 20 = κ holds and the reals have a ∆1 well-ordering.