Research seeking to improve the measurement of workload requires the use of established task load manipulations to impose varying levels of demand on human operators. The present study sought to establish task load manipulations for research utilizing realistically complex task environments that elicit distinct levels of workload (i.e. low, medium, and high). A repeated measures design was used...

High peak loads at transformer stations in domestic residences are expected where heating is provided merely by heat pumps with additional electric heating. Two scenarios are studied: the event of a black start and high electricity demand on a day with a very low outdoor temperature. The simulation is done with agents representing up to 100 dwellings based on PowerMatcher technology. The result...

On-going changes in the electric utility industry are imposing ever-stricter constraints upon the operators of transmission networks. The increase in peak load and reduced power margins in the network may under certain circumstances conspire to produce brownouts, or even blackouts, especially when compounded with low probability contingencies. The challenge is also imposed on generation capacit...

This paper proposes an emergency planning method of urban distribution networks based on microgrid which takes extreme disaster situation into account. First, it presents emergency scenario classification and load classification methods. And then an emergency planning model of urban distribution networks based on microgrid is set up. This model can not only apply to the traditional peak load pl...

The problem of electrical load forecasting presents some particularities, compared to the generic problem of time-series prediction. One of these particularities is that several values (corresponding to one day of consumption) are usually expected as the result of the prediction. In this paper, we propose an original method dividing the problem into three parts: prediction of the daily mean, of...

This paper examines the first 16 months of competition in the German market for long-distance voice telephony on the fixed network. It concentrates on price level and price structure. Competition induced by the entry of both network operators and switch-based service providers decreased the price level substantially. Furthermore, after initial attempts to design innovative price structures, mos...

The demand characteristic is the most important one in analyzing customer information. In a distribution network, there is in any moment certain degree of uncertainty about busses loads, and consequently, about load level of network, busses voltage level, and power losses. Therefore, it is very important to estimate first of all the load profiles of buses, using available data (measurements eff...

This paper describes a new methodology based on peak load consideration for reliability evaluation of a generation system. The methodology has been developed using Simpson’s (1/3) rule for loss of load probability (LOLP) evaluation. Load models are considered as straight line and stepped load duration curve for reliability evaluation. The LOLP evaluation is based on peak load consideration. The...

Document management plays a critical role for the R&D project management at National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The major problem faced by NSFC in document management is how to process a large quantity of electronic documents in multiple formats within one deadline during submission peak time. This paper describes a distributed document management solution with Web services to ...