the flowering phase of apple trees is the most critical step in relation with low temperatures and frost events. therefore, forecasting the time of flowering is important. if a model can predict the exact time of flowering, it would be feasible to care for flowers agianst late spring freezing (lsf). in this study, we evaluated three temperature-base chilling models namely: chilling hours (ch), ...

1. introduction as strongly accepted among climatologists, climate change is a result of human activities. there is disagreement about how to define climate change, because of tremendous difference of climate changes in scale, intensity and occurrence time in various regions. recently there have been several observation analyses involving daily and extreme daily temperature trend and variabilit...

introduction: air temperature as an important climatic factor can influence variability and distribution of other climatic parameters. therefore, tracking the changes in air temperature is a popular procedure in climate change studies.. according to the national academy in the last decade, global temperature has raised 0.4 to 0.8⁰c. instrumental records show that, with the exception of 1998, th...

abstract background: weather and climate play a significant role in human health. we are accustomed to affects the weather conditions. by increasing or decreasing the environment temperature or change of seasons, some diseases become prevalent or remove. this study investigated the role of temperature in cardiovascular disease mortality of city of mashhad in the current decade and its simulatio...

precipitation is one of important parameters of climatology and atmospheric science that have more importance in human life. recently, extensive flood and drought entered many damage to most parts of the world. precipitation forecasting and alerts management role is responsible for these problems. today, artificial neural networks are one of developed method that applied for estimate and predic...

in this research the daily data of 69 climatic variables (wind direction, wind speed, dry temperature, wet temperature, maximum and minimum temperature, average daily temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, station level pressure, cloudiness, horizontal visibility, vapor pressure, …) of abumoosa synoptic station during the years 1362-1388 were studied. initially, a data base of variabl...