BACKGROUND In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is common and often fatal. However, the extent to which hospitals vary in survival outcomes and the degree to which this variation is explained by patient and hospital factors is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Within Get with the Guidelines-Resuscitation, we identified 135 896 index IHCA events at 468 hospitals. Using hierarchical models, we adjusted...

BACKGROUND Protein intake above the RDA attenuates cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese adults during weight loss. However, the cardiometabolic consequences of consuming higher-protein diets in free-living adults have not been determined. OBJECTIVE This study examined usual protein intake [g/kg body weight (BW)] patterns stratified by weight status and their associations with cardiome...

INTRODUCTION Ultrasonic fetal biometry and arterial Doppler flow velocimetry are widely used to assess the risk of pregnancy complications. There is an extensive literature on the relationship between pregnancy outcomes and the size and shape of the placenta. However, ultrasonic fetal biometry and arterial Doppler flow velocimetry have not previously been studied in relation to postnatal placen...

This paper examines how equity analysts affect corporate liquidity policy and the value of cash. Greater analyst coverage reduces information asymmetry between a firm and outside shareholders and enhances the monitoring process, in turn increasing the value of cash and allowing firms to hold more cash. The cash-to-assets ratio increases by 5.2 percentage points when moving from the bottom analy...

this paper studies housing choice under fuzzy circumstances. in this article, fuzzy distance method is employed for selection process. methodology of housing choice with fuzzy distance approach is based on the minimizing fuzzy distance of features from desired amount under fuzzy condition. meanwhile, in the discrete choice models, housing choice is based on utility maximizing of available optio...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To demonstrate how Care Need Index (CNI), a social deprivation index, may be used to allocate total primary health care resources. DESIGN Cross sectional survey and register data. The CNI was based on sociodemographic factors: elderly persons living alone, children under age 5, unemployed people, people with low educational status, single parents, high mobility, and foreign bo...

BACKGROUND The geographical distribution of general practitioners (GPs) is a persistent policy concern within the National Health Service. Maldistribution across family health service authorities in England and Wales fell between 1974 and the mid-1980s but then remained, at best, constant until the mid-1990s. AIM To estimate levels of maldistribution over the period 1994-2003 and to examine t...

Study objective: To demonstrate how Care Need Index (CNI), a social deprivation index, may be used to allocate total primary health care resources. Design: Cross sectional survey and register data. The CNI was based on sociodemographic factors: elderly persons living alone, children under age 5, unemployed people, people with low educational status, single parents, high mobility, and foreign bo...

The distributional effects of some proposed Social Security law changes (for example, an increase in Social Security’s early entitlement age (EEA)) are at least partially dependent on the distribution of health and mortality risk throughout the fully insured Social Security–covered worker population. To evaluate these types of proposals, retirement policy analysts typically tabulate the percent...

Using a novel information asymmetry index based on measures of adverse selection developed by the market microstructure literature, we test whether information asymmetry is an important determinant of capital structure decisions, as suggested by the pecking order theory. Our index relies exclusively on measures of the market’s assessment of adverse selection risk rather than on ex ante firm cha...