On the assumption that asset value of a company is the sum of the total amount of current price of stock and debt value, estimation was made with the first moment and second moment concerning a mean value and variance of the sum. We also assume a new variable for which fluctuation during an evaluation period conforms to these moments and follow geometric Brownian motion. Then we construct a def...

This paper is dedicated to our friend Marek, for his birthday. Two of us know Marek since more than 20 years, when we embarked in the adventure of Mathematics for Finance. Our paths diverged, but we always kept strong ties. Thank you, Marek, for all the fruitful discussions we have had. We hope you will find some interest in this paper and the modeling of credit risk we present, and we are look...

This paper presents the Conditional Probability of Default (CoPoD) methodology for modelling the probabilities of loan defaults (PoDs) by small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) and unlisted firms as functions of identifiable macroeconomic and financial variables. The process of modelling PoDs represents a challenging task, since the time series of PoDs usually contain few observations, thus m...

The paper attempts to provide forecast methodological framework and concrete models to estimate long run probability of default term structure for Hungarian corporate debt instruments, in line with IFRS 9 requirements. Long run probability of default and expected loss can be estimated by various methods and has fifty-five years of history in literature. After studying literature and empirical m...

Credit risk management is a process in which banks estimate probability of default (PD) for each loan applicant. Data sets of previous loan applicants are built by gathering their data, and these internal data sets are usually completed using external credit bureau’s data and finally used for estimating PD in banks. There is also a continuous interest for bank to use rule based classifiers to b...