Many animals have two basic traits for avoiding being killed by a predator: behavioral modification and morphological defense. We examined the relationship between antipredator behavior and morphological defense in larvae of three closely related dragonfly species within the genus Leucorrhinia. The three species differ with regard to their morphological defense as expressed in the length of the...

In two studies we examine the association between a person s pattern of defense use, assessed by a new measure called the Defense-Q, and their adaptive behavior. We compare each person s Defense-Q profile to a theoretical Adaptive Defense Profile (ADP) to obtain an ADP similarity score. In Study 1 we show in a student sample that ADP similarity scores are positively related to observed empathy ...

Previous research has demonstrated that the rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical for the expression of unconditioned defense behaviors. The prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices comprise the majority of the mPFC, but the role of these regions in mediating unconditioned defense behaviors is not well understood. In order to address this, we temporarily inactivated the PL or I...

OBJECTIVE Changes in defense mechanisms after treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were measured by using an established rating scale. METHOD Before and after 7-week group behavior therapy, 17 patients with DSM-III-R OCD were assessed with the Defense Style Questionnaire, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS After behavior t...