widespread use of pharmaceuticals has resulted in mixture concentrations ranging from mg/l in effluent to µg/l concentrations in surface water. in a 2008 study, 13 pharmaceuticals, ranging in amounts from 0.0028 to 0.1757 µg/l, were identified in the tennessee river, usa and its tributaries. in order to address the need for risk assessment of environmentally relevant pharmaceutical mixtures, da...

objective: ecosystems with mixed species compared to the ones with pure compositions provide a broader range of options in the fields of biodiversity, conservation, protection and restoration. nearly all forest plantations are established as monocultures, but research has shown that there are potential advantages to be gained by using carefully designed species mixtures in place of monocultures...

background: birth weight and gestational age are two important variables in obstetric research. the primary measure of gestational age is based on a mother's recall of her last menstrual period. this recall may cause random or systematic errors. therefore, the objective of this study is to utilize bayesian mixture model in order to identify implausible gestational age.   methods: in this cross-...

abstract statement of problem: the ph of the human abscess has been measured as low as 5.0. this low ph could potentially inhibit setting reactions, affect adhesion, or increase the solubility of root end filling materials hence affect the compressive strength. moreover, root end filling materials might expose or even mix with lidocaine hcl during periapical surgery. objectives: the aim of this...

it has been reported that several members of convolvulaceae family such as convolvulus arvensis possess cytotoxic activity on some tumor cell lines. proteoglycan mixture, the water extract of c. arvensis with high molecular weight, has potent anti-angiogenesis and stimulating effects. in this study, arial parts of c. arvensis were collected and identified, and the cytotoxic effects of chlorofor...

clarithromycin (cla), a broad-spectrum macrolide, is a poorly soluble drug with dissolution rate limited absorption. the aim of this investigation was to prepare cla nanoparticles from a ternary ground mixture in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (sls) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (pvp) as co-grinding water-soluble compounds, in order to improve the drug dissolution rate. different weight rati...

local anesthetic solutions are frequently mixed to take advantage of the useful properties of each drug but the medical literature is surprisingly deficient in well controlled studies about the onset and duration of action of these mixtures for epidural anesthesia. a total of 32 patients scheduled for elective operation were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled study; in group i, ...

to increase the safety of structures against strong ground motions and their life due to environmental issues on the earth and saving in terms of materials, it is necessary to expand and upgrade seismic resistant systems. however, more cost-effective systems which have sufficient influence on the seismic performance of structures and also more compatibility with the regional conditions, will be...