We explored the energy loss mechanisms in capacitive deionization (CDI). We hypothesize that resistive and parasitic losses are two main sources of energy losses. We measured contribution from each loss mechanism in water desalination with constant current (CC) charge/discharge cycling. Resistive energy loss is expected to dominate in high current charging cases, as it increases approximately l...

Shock electrodialysis is a recently developed electrochemical water treatment method that shows promise for deionization and ionic separations. Although simple models scaling laws have been proposed, predictive theory has not yet emerged to fit experimental data enable system design. Here, we extend analyze existing “leaky membrane” the canonical case of steady shock in crossflow, as recent pro...

It is shown that surface conduction can stabilize electrodeposition in random, charged porous media at high rates, above the diffusion-limited current. After linear sweep voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy, copper electrodeposits are visualized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy in two different porous separators (cellulose nitrate, polyethylene), whose surfa...

Fishing ions: this review provides a comprehensive analysis of different approaches in utilizing capacitive deionization (CDI) for selective ion separations and removal.

Purple membrane (lambda max = 568 nm) can be converted to blue membrane (lambda max = 605 nm) by either acid titration or deionization. Partially delipidated purple membrane, containing only 25% of the initial lipid phosphorus, could be converted to a blue form by acid titration but not by deionization. This reversible transition of delipidated membrane did not require the presence of other cat...

Enhanced removal of metal ions in a hybrid capacitive deionization system has been originally developed via the adsorption–intercalation–conversion mechanisms.