This paper reports on the first user/application-driven multi-technology optical sub-wavelength network for intra/inter Data-Centre (DC) communications. Two DCs each with distinct sub-wavelength switching technologies, frame based synchronous TSON and packet based asynchronous OPST are interconnected by a WSON inter-DC communication. The intra/inter DC testbed demonstrates ultra-low latency (pa...

Patients who are colonized with enteric vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) are a major reservoir for transmission of and infection with this organism. In a randomized, controlled study to assess the effectiveness of high-dose bacitracin in the eradication of enteric VREF, 12 patients who were colonized with VREF were randomized to receive placebo (n=6) or orally administered zinc ...

Severe enteric colibacillosis, characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration, apathy, hypothermia, and inability to stand, was produced in seven of eight newborn, colostrum-fed calves from nonvaccinated dams after oral challenge of calves with 10(11) viable cells of Escherichia coli strain B44. Twenty-nine of 32 calves from dams vaccinated with various preparations of E. coli strain B44...

Delayed release of neurotransmitter, also called asynchronous release, is commonly observed at synapses, yet its influence on transmission of spike information is unknown. We examined this issue at endbulb of Held synapses, which are formed by auditory nerve fibers onto bushy cells in the cochlear nucleus. Endbulbs from CBA/CaJ mice aged P6-P49 showed prominent delayed release when driven at ph...

At fast chemical synapses the rapid release of neurotransmitter that occurs within a few milliseconds of an action potential is followed by a more sustained elevation of release probability, known as delayed release. Here we characterize the role of calcium in delayed release and test the hypothesis that facilitation and delayed release share a common mechanism. Synapses between cerebellar gran...

1. We studied two-pulse facilitation and delayed release at 0 degree C, because at low temperature facilitation is enhanced and extended whereas delayed release is increased. Our major goal was to test, by a number of approaches, the residual Ca2+ hypothesis of facilitation and delayed release. 2. As we increased the interval between pulses from 30 to 100-200 ms facilitation declined steeply. A...