River deltas belong to the most densely settled places on earth. Although they only account for 5% of the global land surface, over 550 million people live in deltas. These preferred livelihood locations, which feature flat terrain, fertile alluvial soils, access to fluvial and marine resources, a rich wetland biodiversity and other advantages are, however, threatened by numerous internal and e...

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is an iron-containing metalloenzyme that converts nitriles to amides. The mechanism by which this biochemical reaction occurs is unknown. One mechanism that has been proposed involves nucleophilic attack of an Fe-bound nitrile by water (or hydroxide). Reported herein is a five-coordinate model compound ([Fe(III)(S(2)(Me2)N(3)(Et,Pr))](+)) containing Fe(III) in an envir...

The MapReduce programming model is extended conservatively to deal with deltas for input data such that recurrent MapReduce computations can be more efficient for the case of input data that changes only slightly over time. That is, the extended model enables more frequent re-execution of MapReduce computations and thereby more up-to-date results in practical applications. Deltas can also be pu...

Deltas are discrete shoreline protuberances formed where rivers enter oceans, semi-enclosed seas, lakes or lagoons and supply sediment more rapidly than it can be redistributed by basinal processes. Generally, deltas are served by well-defined drainage systems which culminate in a trunk stream and supply sediment to a restricted area of the shoreline, thus resulting in the formation of a depoce...

Delta-oriented programming allows software developers to define software product lines as variations of a common code base, where variations are expressed as so-called program deltas. Monitor-oriented programming (MOP) provides a mechanism to execute functionality based on the execution history of the program; this is useful, e.g., for the purpose of runtime verification and for enforcing secur...

We find numerically that the sample to sample fluctuation of the entropy DeltaS is a more sensitive tool in distinguishing low from high temperature behaviors than the common corresponding fluctuation in the free energy. In 1+1 dimensions we find a single phase for all temperatures, since (DeltaS)(2) is always extensive. In 2+1 dimensions we find a behavior that at first sight might appear to b...

Delta abstractions are introduced as a mechanism for managing database states during the execution of active database rules. Delta abstractions build upon the use of object deltas, capturing changes to individual objects through a system-supported, collapsible type structure. The object delta structure is implemented using object-oriented concepts such as encapsulation and inheritance so that a...

The topography of inland deltas is influenced by the water-sediment bal-3 ance in distributary channels and local evaporation and seepage rates. In this 4 letter a reduced complexity model is applied to simulate inland delta forma-5 tion, and results are compared with the Okavango Delta, Botswana and with 6 a laboratory experiment. We show that water loss in inland deltas produces 7 fundamental...

Deltas are highly sensitive to increasing risks arising from local human activities, land subsidence, regional water management, global sea-level rise, and climate extremes. We quantified changing flood risk due to extreme events using an integrated set of global environmental, geophysical, and social indicators. Although risks are distributed across all levels of economic development, wealthy ...