Contents 1. Introduction 2. Harsh criticisms, at times unwarranted 3. The main ingredients 3.1 The evidence 3.2 Interpretation 4. A false dichotomy 5. Some real weaknesses 6. Three central propositions 6.1 The chronological sequence : mortality decline, followed by fertility decline 6.2 A model of the reproductive transition in two phases : restriction of marriages, followed by limitation of bi...