in endodontics, severe involuntary gagging can have a severe impact on treatment procedure. there are many ways to ease the gag reflex, one of which is hypnosis. a 34-year-old male was referred for root canal treatment of a molar tooth. he had not received any dental treatments for the past nine years due to fear of severe gag reflex. three hypnotic sessions based upon eye fixation, progressive...

statement of the problem replacement of missing or lost teeth with dental prostheses supported by dental implants has been accepted and received positive evaluations from patients who have undergone implant treatment. purpose the aim of this study was to evaluate the level of patient knowledge about dental implants among a selected sample of dental patients in tabriz, iran materials and methods...

Deep dentinal lesion progress is often presented as the point of no return for the specific pulp involved. In these lesions, however large variations and changes within the lesion environment may be detected. As the disease process is better studied and understood, more conservative treatments have come 5 up in the treatment of deep carious lesions. One such is a step-wise excavation procedure,...

objectives: this study aimed to find the factors that affect dental esthetics and smile attractiveness in orthodontically treated patients according to laypeople’s judgment, and to determine whether there is any relationship between dental and smile esthetics. materials and methods: using the q-sort technique, 60 laypersons (30 males, 30 females) rated dental and smile photographs of 48 orthodo...