In general, women prefer men taller than themselves; this is referred to as the male-taller norm. However, since women are shorter than men on average, it is difficult to determine whether the fact that married women are on average shorter than their husbands results from the norm or is a simple artifact generated by the shorter stature of women. This study addresses the question by comparing t...

Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) constitute a family of interfacially active mammalian enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of sn-2 ester bond of glycerophospholipid substrates resulting in lysophospholipid and free fatty acid [1]. sPLA2-IIA has proven to be especially interesting in therapeutic intervention since elevated levels of sPLA2-IIA is present in the microenvironment surrounding dif...

We give near optimal bufferless routing algorithms for leveled networks. N packets with preselected paths are given, and once injected, the packets may not be buffered while in transit to their destination. For the preselected paths, the dilation D is the maximum path length, and the congestion C is the maximum number of times an edge is used. We give two bufferless routing algorithms for level...

Robot navigation in poorly structured and uneven outdoor environments is an unsolved problem. Thus we present a SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) approach that is based on “leveled range scans”. The method is combining 3D perception with 2D localization and mapping. In this way established path planning and 2D navigation algorithms can be used in uneven terrain without the computatio...

The behaviour of a greedy algorithm which estimates the height of a random labelled rooted tree is studied. A self-similarity argument is used to characterize the limit distribution of the length H of the path found by such an algorithm in a random rooted tree as the unique solution of an integral equation. Furthermore, it is shown that lim n!1 E H p n = p 2 2 p 2 ln(3 + 2 p 2) = 2 : 353139::: ...

We will prove that the path minimizes the number of closed walks of length l among the connected graphs for all l. Indeed, we will prove that the number of closed walks of length l and many other properties such as the spectral radius, Estada index increase or decrease along a certain poset of trees. This poset is a leveled poset with path as the smallest element and star as the greatest element.

quadruped robots have unique capabilities for motion over uneven natural environments. this article presents a stable gait for a quadruped robot in such motions and discusses the inverse-dynamics control scheme to follow the planned gait. first, an explicit dynamics model will be developed using a novel constraint elimination method for an 18-dof quadruped robot. thereafter, an inverse-dynamics...

We investigate two types of graph layouts, track layouts and layered path decompositions, and the relations between their associated parameters track-number and layered pathwidth. We use these two types of layouts to characterize leveled planar graphs, the graphs with planar layered drawings with no dummy vertices. It follows from the known NP-completeness of leveled planarity that track-number...