BACKGROUND Drug abuse, especially opium abuse, is a major public health problem in Iran. Recent reports suggest that opium sellers cheat their customers by adding lead to the opium. Contaminated opium can threaten the health of consumers. The present study aimed to compare the serum level of lead between opium dependents and a control group. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 5...

U N E M P L O Y M E N T C O M P E N S A T I O N i n this country represents payment for a p a r t of the wage loss suffered dur ing unemployment . A n unemployed worker , except i n the D i s t r i c t of Co lumbia , receives a weekly benefit based only on his past wages, and f a m i l y responsibilities p lay no p a r t i n the determinat ion of benefit r ights . I n the D i s t r i c t , f r ...

In the Chinese language, a verb may have its dependents on its left, right or on both sides. The ambiguity resolution of right-side dependencies is essential for dependency parsing of sentences with two or more verbs. Previous works on shiftreduce dependency parsers may not guarantee the connectivity of a dependency tree due to their weakness at resolving the right-side dependencies. This paper...

objectives: according to the gateway drug theory, tobacco use is a predisposing factor for future substance abuse. this study was conducted to compare nicotine and opiate dependents to identify the differences between their personality traits and psychopathology that makes them turn to other substances after cigarette smoking. methods: a causal-comparative study was conducted. three groups were...

OBJECTIVE Drug craving is defined as an urge to continue substance abuse. Drug dependents use different terms to express their subjective feeling of craving. This study was an attempt to generate an understanding of craving terminology among different groups of Persian speaking Iranian opiate dependents. METHOD Terms used for the meaning of drug craving were listed by 36 ex-opiate dependents ...

BACKGROUND The problem of addiction is one of the four global crises. These patients are more vulnerable to mental disorders. This study aimed to examine the risk of suicide in drug dependent patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients who referred for addiction treatment were selected and the control group was chosen among their companions who did not have narcotic drugs depend...

The Department of Defense Dependents Schools (DoDDS) system provides a unique educational experience for thousands of military and civilian dependents living in foreign countries. The blend of military life with a host nation culture creates a challenge for both students and educators. Health education in the international setting provides a social and cultural experience which is not readily f...

OBJECTIVE to describe the causes and severities of trauma in patients who met the criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence according to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and to display the pattern of alcohol consumption and subsequent changes one year after trauma. METHODS a transversal and longitudinal quantitative study carried out between November 2012 and September 2013 in th...

Objectives: According to the gateway drug theory, tobacco use is a predisposing factor for future substance abuse. This study was conducted to compare nicotine and opiate dependents to identify the differences between their personality traits and psychopathology that makes them turn to other substances after cigarette smoking. Methods: A causal-comparative study was conducted. Three groups w...