abstract in this presentation, a case of bilateral choroidal folds in patient with diabetic retinopathy was reported. by our knowledge, this case presentation is the first report of choroidal folds in diabetic retinopathy, which bilateral symmetric and horizontal folds arranged in macula. the thick choroid that is developed in diabetics may be a cause of these folds but the source of difference...

introduction: it seems that improvement in care and new treatment and screening methods along with better control of diabetes mellitus (dm) has led to a change in incidence of diabetic complications, especially diabetic retinopathy .this study was performed to assess the 4 years incidence rate of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type ii diabetes and factors affecting its progression. metho...

Edema is a rare complication induced by insulin therapy, which is mostly developed after initiation or intensification of insulin treatment in diabetic patients. Edema can either be localized or generalized. Our patient was a 34-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes. She was under treatment with oral agents medication, but recently insulin therapy was initiated for her due to inability to control...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the current progress in disease classification, pathophysiology and management of diabetes mellitus with a special focus on treatment modalities and recommendations for the practicing anesthesiologist. RECENT FINDINGS The revised classification of diabetes mellitus emphasizes disease cause and eliminates any reference to age-of-onset and insulin therap...

Accepted 10 March 1998 A 49-year-old man was transferred to our hospital by ambulance on 25th December 1995, for unconsciousness, hypotension, and hypothermia. The patient was unemployed and living alone. He had been well until a year earlier, when polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss (15 kg/4 months) developed. He had experienced a sore throat and a cough productive of yellowish sputum 4 days ...