introduction: elevated intracranial pressure (icp) is a major and potentially lethal disorder in patients admitted to the emergency department (ed). several methods are being used to investigate for elevated icp. here we assessed and compared the diagnostic accuracy of two existing tools of ophthalmoscopy and optic nerve ultrasonography in detection of elevated icp. methods: 131 participants wi...

in the previous two parts of educational manuscript series in emergency, we explained some screening characteristics of diagnostic tests including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. in the 3rd  part we aimed to explain positive and negative likelihood ratio (lr) as one of the most reliable performance measures of a diagnostic test. to better underst...

introduction: the diagnostic work-up of allergic rhinitis (ar) is first and foremost based on the combination of clinical history data and results of skin prick tests (spt). other tests, including specific ige measurement, nasal challenge, and, as a third option, component resolved diagnosis or basophil activation test, may be useful when the diagnosis is difficult because of polysensitization ...

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