[1] The surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa is peppered by topographic domes, interpreted as sites of intrusion and extrusion. Diapirism is consistent with dome morphology, but thermal buoyancy alone cannot produce sufficient driving pressures to create the observed dome elevations. Instead, diapirs may initiate by thermal convection that induces compositional segregation. Exclusion of impurities ...

The Young's modulus E of ice is an important parameter in models of tidal deformation [1, e.g] and in converting flexural rigidities to ice shell thicknesses [2, e.g.]. There is a disagreement of an order of magnitude between measurements of E in the laboratory (9 GPa) and from field observations (≈1 GPa). Here I use a simple yielding model to address this discrepancy, and conclude that E = 9 G...

[1] We investigate the hypothesis that the 10 km diameter dome-shaped features seen on Europa’s surface are caused by strongly temperature-dependent convection, in which upwellings form isolated diapirs or thermals. We use the observed lower limit on dome diameter of 4 km to deduce that the conductive (stagnant) lid thickness must be 5 km. Such a lid thickness implies a minimum surface heat flu...

THE problem of salt deposits in a present deep-sea basin has been discussed recently in the case of the Atlantic Oceanl. In this article we present new data on the salt layer in the Western Mediterranean Basin. In the Balearic Basin and the Ligurian Sea, anticline structures and dornes disturbing the upper part of the sedimentary cover have been reported by Alinat and Cousteauz, Menard et aL3, ...