We describe the design and evaluation of POND, a Pattern-Oriented Nutrition Diary. POND is a mobile-phone food diary designed using a theory-driven approach to address a common challenge users report when using food diaries on mobile phones: the amount of effort required to create food entries in relation to the perceived self-benefit of self-monitoring food intake. The design allows users to c...

Calfhood diseases have a major impact on the economic viability of cattle operations. This is the first in a three part review series on calf health from birth to weaning, focusing on preventive measures. The review considers both pre- and periparturient management factors influencing calf health, colostrum management in beef and dairy calves and further nutrition and weaning in dairy calves.

Dairy calves are extremely susceptible to gastro-intestinal disease during the pre-weaned period. The risk for enteric disease decreases as the calf ages; therefore, it is important to break the pre-weaned period up into at least 2 distinct phases that likely need to be managed differently, early life (1st and maybe the 2nd week of life) and the remaining time the calf is fed fluid. When a calf...