Administering diazepam intravenously or rectally in an adult with status epilepticus can be difficult and time consuming. The aim of this study was to examine whether intranasal diazepam is an effective alternative to intravenous diazepam when treating status epilepticus. We undertook a retrospective cohort study based on the medical records of 19 stroke patients presenting with status epilepti...

objective: curcumin is a major constituent of turmeric and has many biological functions such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of curcumin and diazepam in separate and combined treatments on penicillin-induced seizures in rats. materials and methods: in urethane-anesthetized rats, epileptiform activity was induced by intraco...

Knowledge of strain differences in drug metabolism is important for the selection of animals for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological studies. Hepatic microsomes from Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Brown Norway (BN) rats had 300-fold higher diazepam p-hydroxylation activity than Dark Agouti (DA) and Wistar (W) rats at a low diazepam concentration (3 microM). Kinetic studies indicated th...

Previously, we have reported drastic strain differences of diazepam metabolism in the livers of a variety of rat strain. In this study, to characterize strain and sex differences of diazepam metabolism in the kidney, renal microsomal diazepam metabolic activities were determined in the Dark Agouti (DA), Sprague-Dawley (SD), Brown Norway (BN) and Wistar (WS) strains of rat. We found that the maj...

Diazepam 0.05-0.25 mg/kg increased the dose of lignocaine required to cause seizures in Rhesus monkeys by 24-34%. Spontaneous ventilation was maintained adequately during lignocaine administration following diazepam treatment and no adverse cardiovascular effects occurred. Before the onset of lignocaine-induced seizures in non-treated animals, the animals appeared to be drowsy. However, prior t...

The hippocampal CA1 sector is especially vulnerable to brief forebrain ischemia. Excitotoxicity is widely thought to contribute to this cell death. Accordingly, drugs that presumably counteract excitotoxicity, such as GABAergic agonists, have been repeatedly tested and found to reduce CA1 cell loss. Post-ischemic diazepam reduces CA1 injury. However, diazepam also causes hypothermia, which by i...

We have examined the effects of commercially available preparations and drug-free solvents of diazepam (Valium, Diazepam-Lipuro) and midazolam (Dormicum) by N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP)- and zymosan-induced polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) chemiluminescence and in a cell-free chemiluminescence system. In the case of Valium, drug-free solvent and diazepam suppressed PMN chemiluminesc...

Diazepam and lorazepam differ in potency and in the time-course of their action. As a sedative, diazepam 10 mg is equivalent to lorazepam 2-2.5 mg. Diazepam is better absorbed after oral than after i.m. administrations but this does not apply to lorazepam. The clinical effect and amnesia begin more rapidly with diazepam, but last longer following lorazepam. Lorazepam is more effective than diaz...

UNLABELLED In an effort to clarify the mechanism of action of isoflurane, we studied the effect of flumazenil on mice chronically treated with isoflurane or diazepam. Mice were pretreated with diazepam, isoflurane, or saline, with and without flumazenil. After 2 wk, responses to isoflurane and diazepam were assessed, and central benzodiazepine receptor (CBR) binding characteristics were assayed...

abstract background: providing better surgical conditions with meticulous control of intraocular pressure (iop) is one of the most important factors that affect the success rate in ophthalmic surgery. clonidine is a selective central α2 agonist with analgesic, antianxiety and sedative effects which makes it a good choice in premedication recently. in this study, we compared the effects of oral ...