background: thymus daenensis is on e of the endemic aromatic species in iran that its essential oil is used in food and pharmaceutical industries. objective: in this study, the effects of plant growth stages and distillation methods on essential oil content and thymol percentage of this species were evaluated. methods: the aerial parts of th. daenensis were collected in three stages of plant gr...

Appropriate modeling of components and related controllers are very significant in studying dynamic performance of power systems. In this paper, an educational procedure for modeling, simulation, and governor tuning of hydro power plants is presented. Different existing dynamic models of hydro plant components are reviewed. The procedure for calculating the required parameters from real plant d...

Understanding the teleconnections between hydro-meteorological data and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycle (ENSO) is an important step towards developing flood early warning systems. In this study, the concept of mutual information (MI) was applied using marginal and joint information entropy to quantify the linear and non-linear relationship between annual streamflow, extreme precipitation...

Hydro generation scheduling is a nonlinear programming problem. This paper describes the hydro generation scheduling problem constraints. The optimal hydro scheduling problem is formulated as a large scale linear programming algorithm and is solved using a commercially available linear programming package. The selected objective function requires minimization of demand and generation of a hydro...

The human demand for electricity and fresh water is ever increasing. Due to the nature of hydropower and its economic, social, and environmental benefits, hydropower will be an important contributor to the energy mix of the future. Isolated areas, severely underdeveloped regions, disaster-stricken zones, and remote military outposts have one common need: readily available and efficient means of...

The crystal structures of three cyclo-penta-[c]furans with various substituents at the 4-, 5- and 6-positions of the ring system are reported, namely, (±)-(3aR,4S,5S,6aS)-4-methyl-5-phenyl-hexa-hydro-1H-cyclo-penta-[c]furan-4,5-diol, C14H18O3, (I), (±)-(3aR,4S,5S,6aS)-4-benz-yloxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-hexa-hydro-1H-cyclo-penta-[c]furan-5-ol, C21H24O3, (II), and (±)-(1aR,1bS,4aR,5S,5aR)-5-benz-ylox...

The power system restructuring has introduced competitiveness among different market players in electricity market and as a result transmission lines have to operate near to their thermal limits. System operators have a challenge to ensure reliable and secure transmission of power under these conditions. In this paper a rescheduling based congestion management solution is proposed for hybrid el...

BACKGROUND Studies on plant communities in the Amazon have reported that different hydro-edaphic conditions can affect the richness and the species composition of different ecosystems. However, this aspect is poorly known in the different savanna habitats. Understanding how populations and plant communities are distributed in these open vegetation areas is important to improve the knowledge abo...