Smallholder tree plantations are expanding in the steepland tropics due to demand for timber and interest in ecosystem services, such as carbon storage. Financial mechanisms are developing to compensate vegetation carbon stores. However, measuring biomass—necessary for accessing carbon funds—at small scales is costly and time-intensive. Therefore, we test whether low-cost drones can accurately ...

Digital Terrain Model (Digital Terrain Model acronym DTM) is arbitrary use of a large number of coordinates in three-dimensional x, y, z coordinates of the point on the ground for a form of Statistics said that the terrain surface morphology is the number of attribute information is a space location characteristics and attributes of the terrain described the figures, initially for the automatic...

In this paper, a new method for the automated generation of 3D building models from directly observed point clouds generated by LIDAR sensors is presented. By a hierarchic application of robust interpolation using a skew error distribution function, the LIDAR points being on the terrain are separated from points on buildings and other object classes, and a digital terrain model (DTM) can be com...

An algorithm for pose and motion estimation using corresponding features in images and a digital terrain map is proposed. Using a Digital Terrain (or Digital Elevation) Map (DTM/DEM) as a global reference enables recovering the absolute position and orientation of the camera. In order to do this, the DTM is used to formulate a constraint between corresponding features in two consecutive frames....

Photogrammetry and laser scanning, thanks to significant development in last years, are comparable surveying techniques to generate without object contact and with a precision commensurate with scale Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), a fundamental tool to detect, classify and monitoring landslides. The traditional way to survey the territory for landslide detection purposes is aerial or, in some c...

Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has become an established tool for acquiring digital terrain models (DTM) in forested areas. Even though, there have been several empirical studies on DTM quality with laser scanning, a few studies have focused on factors affecting the quality of DTM generation. This paper analyses especially the effects of the date, flight altitude, pulse mode, terrain slope, fore...

This article first introduces oblique aerial imagery, then describes how vertical distances can be measured once the pixel distances of the original pictures are known. The calculations require that, not only all camera settings be known, but also that one relies on the availability of detailed digital terrain and digital surface models (DSM and DTM), in order to provide the necessary ground le...

In the last few years a lot of new possibilities for the acquisition of terrain data were developed. Next to new developments in the area of digital photogrammetry due to automated image matching techniques, laserscanning has revolutionized the capturing of topographic data. For digital terrain models (DTMs) derived from “traditional” photogrammetric techniques accuracy measures, which were der...

With the emergence of more and more satellites delivering very high resolution (VHR) imagery with ground sampling distances in the range of one meter or below the generation of three dimensional urban models directly from space may become possible. Such models are required for many applications in areas where no up-to-date detailed urban mapping exists like in developing countries. Besides the ...

This paper describes pertinent digital terrain model data structures, namely, grid/raster, quadtree, and triangular irregular network. A basic concept of DIM data structure is also explained. The aspects of TIN storage, TIN data structure conversion, advantages and disadvantages of each structure are discussed. A complete data structure conversion program is also presented. n. 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...