Direct catalytic conversion of ethanol to hydrocarbon blend-stock can increase biofuels use in current vehicles beyond the ethanol blend-wall of 10-15%. Literature reports describe quantitative conversion of ethanol over zeolite catalysts but high C2 hydrocarbon formation renders this approach unsuitable for commercialization. Furthermore, the prior mechanistic studies suggested that ethanol co...

Autoclaving of crude oil is often used to evaluate the hydrocarbon-degrading abilities of bacteria. This may be potentially useful for bioaugmentation and microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). However, it is not entirely clear if "endogenous" bacteria (e.g., spores) in/on crude oil survive the autoclaving process, or influence subsequent evaluation of the hydrocarbon-degradation abilities of ...

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are promising and rugged solid-state power sources that can directly electrochemically convert the chemical energy into electric power. Direct-hydrocarbon SOFCs eliminate external reformers; thus, system is significantly simplified capital cost reduced. comprise cathode, electrolyte, anode, of which anode paramount importance as its catalytic activity stability ke...

In this paper, simulations are performed to reaffirm the relationship between the resistivity and the thickness of the Hydrocarbon reservoir by considering double layers of Hydrocarbon in seabed logging application. In order to establish this correlation, various simulation models are carried out using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) tool and the results obtained from each simulation is pl...

Motivated by the recent detection of propene (C3H6) in the atmosphere of Titan, we use a one-dimensional Titan photochemical model with an updated eddy diffusion profile to systematically study the vertical profiles of the stable species in the C3-hydrocarbon family. We find that the stratospheric volume mixing ratio of propene (C3H6) peaks at 150 km with a value of 5 × 10, which is in good agr...

Marine hydrocarbon seepage emits oil and gas, including methane ( approximately 30 Tg of CH(4) per year), to the ocean and atmosphere. Sediments from the California margin contain preserved tar, primarily formed through hydrocarbon weathering at the sea surface. We present a record of variation in the abundance of tar in sediments for the past 32,000 years, providing evidence for increases in h...

lineaments are the most important phenomena of geological exploration of hydrocarbon reservoirs . concepts in order to map the contours of land need so much time and money. one of the most famous methods in lineaments extraction is satellite image processing. in this paper, an overview of lineament extraction methods and a new method based on canny edge detection algorithm is raised. the result...

The recent detection of the hydrocarbon anion C6H − in the interstellar medium has led us to investigate the synthesis of hydrocarbon anions in a variety of interstellar and circumstellar environments. We find that the anion/neutral abundance ratio can be quite large, on the order of at least a few percent, once the neutral has more than five carbon atoms. Detailed modeling shows that the colum...

A 3D Finite-element Investigation into Optimal Survey Parameters and Direct Imaging for Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Surveys. (May 2006) Ryan Lau, B.S., University of Waterloo, Canada Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Mark E. Everett Relatively little is known about marine controlled-source electromagnetic surveys (MCSEM) used to detect hydrocarbon reservoirs. Typical MCSEM require t...

This paper describes recent developments in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC) that use Cu-based cermets as the anode for direct oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels, including liquids such as gasoline, to generate electrical power without the need for first reforming that fuel to H2. Cu-YSZ cermets were found to be stable in hydrocarbon environments, but exhibited low performance for direct oxidation. Re...