The “discouragement effect” (DE) is mentioned routinely as a reason for why heterogeneity detrimental incentives in contests. It serves theoretical argument various policies aimed at homogenizing contestants.We show that static, noisy contests, the DE not generic and robust often implied literature. We divide widely used contest models into two classes. In first class, either decreases or incre...

Opioid neurotransmission modulates pain and negative affect during psychological stress. To determine whether these effects differ between men and women, the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone or placebo was administered double-blind to 21 men and 22 women before they completed 30 min of difficult mental arithmetic. To heighten negative affect, participants received seven moderately noxious ...

Cloud computing acts as a computing paradigm that aims to provide huge amount of computing in a fully virtualized manner by aggregating resources and thus offering a single system view. Cloud Computing is also delivered as utility assuring customized and quality of service guaranteed computation environments for cloud users. While an enterprise organization is composed of different departments ...

People are exposed to exemplary peer performances often (and sometimes by design in interventions). In two studies, we showed that exposure to exemplary peer performances can undermine motivation and success by causing people to perceive that they cannot attain their peers' high levels of performance. It also causes de-identification with the relevant domain. We examined such discouragement by ...

People are exposed to exemplary peer performances often (and sometimes by design in interventions). In two studies, we showed that exposure to exemplary peer performances can undermine motivation and success by causing people to perceive that they cannot attain their peers’ high levels of performance. It also causes de-identification with the relevant domain. We examined such discouragement by ...

When designing incentives for heterogeneous agents facing competition there is a con‡icting interaction: as the more able are incentivized the less able are disincentivized. I label the former the "incentive e¤ect" and the latter the "discouragement e¤ect." Such adverse interaction becomes severe in the face of participants having convex costs of e¤ort or capacity constraints, larger contests, ...

A well-known theoretical result in the contest literature is that greater heterogeneity decreases investments of contestants because “discouragement effect.” Levelling playing field by favouring weaker through strict bid-caps and favourable tie-breaking rules can reduce discouragement increase designer's revenue. We test these predictions a laboratory experiment. Our data confirm placing using ...