VANET are becoming active area of research and devel- opment because it has potential to increase road safety, convenience and comfort to drivers & passengers. A Lot of research work on VANET have done in area of Quali- ty of Service (QoS), routing and security. These concepts relate the facing challenges for technology in VANET. We present a overview of challenges in VANET. Firstly ,we have di...

Seven double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls (initial BW: 341 ± 21 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in an incomplete replicated Latin square. The study examined the effect of imbalance between energy and N in the rumen on microbial protein synthesis and N metabolism by giving the same diet according to 3 different feeding patterns. The feed ingredients of the diet were ...

Eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated beef steers (374 +/- 11 kg) were used to evaluate effects of advancing season and grazing treatment (season-long; SL or twice-over rotation; TOR) on dietary composition (Exp. 1 and 2), intake, site and extent of digestion, and microbial efficiency (Exp. 2) of native range. In Exp. 1, six 11-d sample collections were conducted from early June to mid-Nove...

We analyze explicit and implicit contracts in a repeated principal-agent model with observable but only partially contractible actions of the agent. It is shown that the set of implementable actions may increase or decrease if additional actions become contractible. We would like to thank Bengt Holmstrr om who stimulated this research several years ago by telling an anecdote about the insuucien...

Navorsing is gedoen om die stand van indiensopleiding vir verpleegkundiges in die Witwatersrand-gebied te beskryf. Deur ’n literatuurstudie en onderhoude is agt kriteria vir geslaagde indiensopleiding geidentifiseer. Die navorsing is uitgevoer met behulp van ’n vraelys wat op grond van die agt kriteria saamgestel is. Verskeie probleemareas in indiensopleiding is geidentifiseer op grond waarvan ...

OPSOMMING Aangesien nierversorging betreklik nuut is in die land, moet verpleegsters wat hulle tot die werk aange trokke voel, bereid wees om te verander, om hulle rol weer te ondersoek en te evalueer en dit na vier gebiede uit te brei: verpleging per se. koordinasie, onderrig en navorsing. In teenstelling met pasiënte in ander eenhede vir intensiewe sorg wat kritiek is en net tydens die krisis...

ABSTRACT The generalised AIDS epidemic in Malawi presents many challenges. As communication and advice from parents, peers, and partners are important factors in influencing sexual behaviour, understanding communication may provide insights into behaviour change programming. This mixed-method study used a household survey (n=1812) and 15 focus group discussions from the southern districts of Ma...

In South Africa, broad spatial frameworks have become a standard form of planning, but these have been critiqued on various grounds. This paper focuses on three lines along which spatial planning might be reconsidered. First, it argues that it is important for planners to engage with the complexity of the socio-spatial dynamics of the city. Second, it suggests that planners need a stronger unde...