نتایج جستجو برای: dispersants
تعداد نتایج: 387 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
There continues to be reluctance in some jurisdictions to use chemical dispersants as a viable countermeasure for accidental oil spills. One argument used by some opponents to dispersant use is that "chemical dispersants do not work effectively in cold water". To address this issue, the U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS) funded and conducted two series of large-scale dispersant experiments ...
Titania is one of the most important white pigments currently used in the world with a total annual production of about 6 million [1]. Titania pigment slurry properties are very important for consumer industries such as paints, papermaking and plastics; if aggregates are present, the end-use properties including gloss, brightness, colour hue, opacity and storage stability will be highly affecte...
This report is a review of the literature on oil spill dispersants published from 1997 to August, 2008. The report identifies and focusses on recent advances in dispersant effectiveness, toxicity, and biodegradation. Other topics such as application, use, behaviour and fate are also covered. The prime motivation for using dispersants is to reduce the impact of oil on shorelines, thus the applic...
Provenance of Corexit-related chemical constituents found in nearshore and inland Gulf Coast waters.
The dispersants Corexit 9527 and Corexit 9500 were extensively used during the response to the Deepwater Horizon accident in 2010. In addition to the monitoring programs established by federal and state governments, local communities also conducted studies to determine if chemical constituents from these dispersants impacted nearshore and inland waters. One community (the City of Orange Beach, ...
Using cinematic digital holography, we demonstrate that turbulent breakup of crude oil mixed with dispersants into microdroplets starts with the formation of very long and quite stable, single or multiple microthreads that trail behind 300-1400 microm droplets. These threads extend from Reynolds number dependent regions with high surfactant concentration, which, along with associated viscositie...
Oil spills in open waters pose a significant threat to marine life. The application of dispersant as an oil-spill response is promising approach minimize the environmental burden caused by these accidental events. Dispersants have been accepted and applied many countries around world countermeasure responding oil due their great success advancements recent years. This review covers different ap...
Although there have been many reports about the cytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), the results are still controversial. To investigate one possible reason, the authors investigated the influence of MWCNT dispersants on cellular uptake and cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was examined (measured by alamarBlue(®) assay), as well as intracellular MWCNT concentration and cytokine secr...
Dispersants are important tools in oil spill response. Taking advantage of the energy in even small waves, they disperse floating oil slicks into tiny droplets (<70 μm) that entrain in the water column and drift apart so that they do not re-agglomerate to re-form a floating slick. The dramatically increased surface area allows microbial access to much more of the oil, and diffusion and dilution...
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