The hypotheses that the chest wall insertion (CW) is displaced laterally during inspiration and that this displacement is essential in maintaining muscle curvature of the costal diaphragmatic muscle fibers were tested. With the use of data from three dogs, caudal, lateral, and ventral displacements of CW during both quiet, spontaneous inspiration and during inspiratory efforts against an occlud...

Phase structure during capillary displacement of fluid phases within rough-walled fractures is controlled by the competition between random aperture variability which tends to roughen the interface and in-plane curvature which tends to smooth it. We show that the phase structure and corresponding areal saturation at the end of displacement depend primarily on the ratio of two dimensionless para...

A 4.5-year-old Holstein-Friesian cow underwent surgery because of left abomasal displacement. Intra-operative palpation of the pyloric region revealed a phytobezoar. The abomasum containing the phytobezoar was exteriorized, and an incision was made directly over the mass in the region of the greater curvature of the pyloric part of the abomasum.

unlike the classical deformation analysis of the earth crust, which derives the planar and vertical strains separately, in this study, we have offered a method for 3-d deformation study based on intrinsic geometry of the manifolds on the topographic surface of the earth. in this way, our method would be based on the 2-d metric tensor of horizontal deformation and 2-d curvature tensor of vertica...

Various methods to recognize assembly tasks using possible local displacement of objects have been proposed. To calculate this displacement, the screw theory is employed. It is equivalent to the first order Taylor expansion of the displacement. However, such methods can treat polyhedral objects only. Because the screw theory cannot treat curvature information of objects. In this paper, we propo...

The aim of this paper is to present a new method based on numeric calculus to provide data on any type of root canal curvature at any point of the long axis of the canal. Twenty severely curved, simulated root canals were prepared with rotary FlexMaster and Profile instruments in the crown-down technique and manually in the step-back technique. The inner and outer curvatures were registered in ...

Engineers and researchers often use nonlinear beam-column elements to simulate the response of reinforced concrete structures. Namely, distributed plasticity elements are arguably the most attractive due to the good compromise between accuracy and computational time. Formulation wise, three types of distributed plasticity beam elements can be distinguished: displacement-based, force-based and m...

We demonstrate a smart optical fiber sensor unit to realize a multi-parameter sensing, including temperature, curvature and strain or displacement. The sensor unit is composed of a Bragg grating in graded-index multimode fiber and a Fizeau cavity.

This paper investigates different approximation techniques for planar beam column elements in force-basedmethods. The three fields, introduced in this review, are: curvature-based displacement interpolation CBDI used in matrix-based flexibility formulations, linear displacement approximation applied in state space, and higher-order displacement approximation utilized again in state space. Using...