Functionally defined neuromuscular structures, or modules (e.g., agonist-antagonist pairings), may be decoupled when elicited by a startling auditory stimulus (SAS), revealing possible lower-level functional units. The current study examines lip kinematics in SAS-induced responses and uses a 3D FEM biomechanical model to simulate the temporal interaction between facial muscles used in speech. R...

1. Abstract We propose a novel approach for the analysis of cohesive crack propagation in elastic media. Unlike all existing methods that move from continuous displacement formulations that are properly enriched to handle the discontinuity, see e.g. the extended finite element method (XFEM) or the embedded discontinuity approaches, inherently discontinuous displacements and H(div,Ω) stresses in...

Elastic waves are scattered by an elastic inclusion. The interface between the inclusion and the surrounding material is imperfect: the discontinuity in the displacement (traction) vector across the interface is taken to be proportional to the average of the traction (displacement) vectors on the two sides of the interface. Uniqueness theorems are obtained, and boundary integral equations over ...

This paper shows the advantages of the material failure process simulation by improve finite elements with embedded discontinuities, using a new definition of traction vector, dependent on the discontinuity length and the angle. Particularly, two families of this kind of elements are compared: kinematically optimal symmetric and statically and kinematically optimal non-symmetric. The constituti...

Flexible boundary-condition methods couple an isolated defect to bulk through the bulk lattice Green's function. Direct computation of the lattice Green's function requires projecting out the singular subspace of uniform displacements and forces for the infinite lattice. We calculate the convergence rates for elastically isotropic and anisotropic cases for three different techniques: relative d...

Laboratory experiments were performed on cubic samples of Austin Chalk to investigate the effect of fabric-induced anisotropy on the interpretation of fracture specific stiffness. The experimental results found that the fabric-induced layering complicates the interpretation of fracture specific stiffness. Seismic measurements from a sample with small layers (i.e., spacing and thickness) show th...

In this study we explore the use of a novel numerical modelling approach to effect pillar reinforcement on stability. Case studies in literature indicate that tendons, strapping pillars, and shotcrete or thin spray-on liners are commonly used reinforce pillars. No clear methodology exists select type support design capacity required, however. This has led ongoing collapses some mines spite heav...

Displacement–length data from faults, joints, veins, igneous dikes, shear deformation bands, and compaction bands define two groups. The first group, having a power-law scaling relation with a slope of n1⁄4 1 and therefore a linear dependence of maximum displacement and discontinuity length (Dmax1⁄4 gL), comprises faults and shear (non-compactional or non-dilational) deformation bands. These sh...

CRACKS in ductile single crystals are analyzed here for geometries and orientations such that twodimensional states of anti-plane shear constitute possible deformation fields. The crystals are modelled as ideally plastic and yield according to critical resolved shear stresses on their slip systems. Restrictions on the asymptotic forms of stress and deformation fields at crack tips are establish...