The rapidity with which new types of antibiotic resistance can disseminate globally following their initial emergence or recognition is exemplified by the novel carbapenemase New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM). The first documented case of infection caused by bacteria producing NDM occurred in 2008, although retrospective analyses of stored cultures have identified the gene encoding this enzym...

Nowadays, healthcare systems are challenged by a major worldwide drug resistance crisis caused by the massive and rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and associated emergence of multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria, in both clinical and environmental settings. Conjugation is the main driving force of gene transfer among microorganisms. This mechanism of horizontal gene transfe...

background although effective strategies have been presented for preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance in iran, recent reports have revealed increasing antibiotic resistance among children and adults. objectives in the present study, we tried to provide a clear view of the antibiotic resistance status of aerobic organism as the most prevalent organism in patients with rhinosinusitis in...

The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria worldwide presents a major health threat to human health care that results in therapy failure and increasing costs. The transfer of resistance conferring plasmids by conjugation is a major route by which resistance genes disseminate at the intra- and interspecies level. High similarities between resistance genes identified in foodborne and hospital-ac...

About fifty indigenous clinical Klebsiella were isolated and identified on the basis of morphology, growth, and biochemical characteristics. Fifty two percent were identified as K. oxytoca, 42% as K. pneumoniae and 6% as K. ozaenae. All the isolates offered different resistance patterns (determined by medium incorporation-replica method) against antibiotics including ampicillin, streptomycin, g...

Background: Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to commonly used antibiotics is linked to their ability to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial-resistant determinants in nature, and the marine environment may serve as a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study determined the antibiotic sensitivity profile of S.aureus isolated from selected beach water and intertidal beach sand i...

Enterococcus faecalis, a ubiquitous member of mammalian gastrointestinal flora, is a leading cause of nosocomial infections and a growing public health concern. The enterococci responsible for these infections are often resistant to multiple antibiotics and have become notorious for their ability to acquire and disseminate antibiotic resistances. In the current study, we examined genetic relati...

background blood infections are an extensive range of disorders that can vary from limited bacteremia to fatal septicemia. bacteremia refers to the transient presence of a bacterium in the bloodstream. a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis can cause mortality, with a 20% - 50% prevalence rate. objectives due to the changing patterns of antibiotic resistance, as well as differences in...

The frequency of infections with multiply antibiotic-resistant gram-positive bacteria is increasing, and in some cases these organisms remain susceptible only to the glycopeptides vancomycin and teicoplanin. The appearance of transferable high-level glycopeptide resistance in enterococci--producing some strains that are now resistant to all available antibiotics--is thus a cause for concern. Th...

background and objective: reports on mrsa strains are increasing worldwide. the aim of this study was to find the prevalence of mrsa strains isolated from clinical specimens and to evaluate their resistance profile. additionally we compared the phenotypic and genotypic methods for detection of methicillin resistance. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional study, a total of 41 isolates o...