There are various philosophical approaches and theories describing the intimate relation people have to artifacts. In this paper, I explore the relation between two such theories, namely distributed cognition and distributed morality theory. I point out a number of similarities and differences in these views regarding the ontological status they attribute to artifacts and the larger systems the...

Methods for combining 2×2 contingency tables from multiple studies are reviewed and new methods are proposed. Methods for combining 2×2 contingency tables from multiple studies are presented in the context of three different statistical models: the constant coefficient model, the varying coefficient model, and the random coefficient model. The constant coefficient confidence intervals have unac...

There are four kinds of contingency information: occurrences and nonoccurrences of an effect in the presence and in the absence of a cause. Previous studies have shown that these four kinds are not given equal weight in causal judgment. The present research was designed to test two hypotheses about this unequal weighting: that weightings are influenced by the form of the question and other feat...

Astrocytes, via excitatory amino-acid transporter type-2 (EAAT2), are the major sink for released glutamate and contribute to set the strength and timing of synaptic inputs. The conditions required for the emergence of Hebbian plasticity from distributed neural activity remain elusive. Here, we investigate the role of EAAT2 in the expression of a major physiologically relevant form of Hebbian l...

W consider a decentralized assembly system in which a buyer purchases components from several first-tier suppliers. We examine the dynamics of suppliers’ investments in cost-reduction initiatives over the life cycle of a product under different procurement approaches. We model the suppliers’ investment decisions under cost-contingent contracts, with wholesale prices determined on the basis of t...

High-dimensional contingency tables tend to be sparse, and standard goodness-of-fit statistics such as X2 cannot be used without pooling categories. As an improvement on arbitrary pooling, for goodness of fit of large 2n contingency tables, we propose classes of quadratic form statistics based on the residuals of margins or multivariate moments up to order r. These classes of test statistics ar...

Static off-line scheduling ensures predictability of worstcase behavior and high resource utilization for safetycritical applications but lacks the flexibility needed to deal with run-time fault-tolerance. We present a temporal redundancy-based recovery technique that tolerates transient task failures in statically scheduled distributed embedded systems where tasks have timing, resource, and pr...