We explore coordination issues of a two-echelon supply chain, consisting of a distributor and a retailer. The effect of revenue-sharing contract mechanism is examined under stock-time-pricesensitive demand rate. First, we investigate relationships between distributor and retailer under noncooperative distributor-Stackelberg games. Thenwe establish analytically that revenue sharing contact is ab...

CFD was applied to evaluate the performance of both existing and improved designs for refrigerant distributors. In general, it is better to utilize a spherical base as compared with other shapes and to locate the orifice close to distributor base. These changes tend to improve the robustness of the distributor in terms of providing even flow and phase distribution in different outlet branches w...

In this paper, a three-echelon supply chain , including two producers, distributor and retailer who produce products in different brands have been considered. Any manufacturer, has a separate channel and the exclusive retailer offers their products, which have been prepared from the distributor (exclusive market) with discount or other manufacturer. In this paper pricing decisions on substitute...

The purpose of this paper is to study the roles of the distributor in the supply chain and to explore its positive contributions. We find that the distributor should act as a push and pull boundary (also called decoupling point) of the supply chain. The definition of decoupling point is needed to be enhanced when the concept of the decoupling point is applied to an industry, like the electronic...

An experimental investigation of hydrodynamics gas-solid flow is carried out by engaging different designs air distributor plates. analysis three plates, i.e., perforated, 45° slotted and novel hybrid plate, revealed the difference in pressure drop minimum fluidization velocities (Umf) for varying input operational variables. Umf found to be lowest perforated highest whereas plate plate. The bu...

Fluidized bed gasification has proven to be an appropriate technique for converting various biomass feedstocks into helpful energy. Air distributor plate design is one of the critical factors affecting thermochemical conversion performance fluidized gasifiers. The present study proposed investigate mixing pattern and pressure drop across different configurations air distributors using a two-flu...

The influence of inlet placement and distributor geometry on the steady-state efficiency pressure drop cryogenic plate-fin heat exchangers (PFHEs) is studied using a three-dimensional simulation model. model employs porous media approach to combine computational fluid dynamics with well-established correlations for transfer in fin materials. An isothermal study conducted comparison six differen...

An experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the performance of a compact round-tube louver-fin condenser, each with frontal areas of 0.25 m in both dry and wet conditions. Deluge water cooling is achieved by incorporating a perforated bottom plate-type water distributor on top of the round tube heat exchanger. Water is used as a refrigerant, and enters the heat exchanger tubes at 35°C ...

In the collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) process of supply chain management, the distributor is the leading “tie” between manufacturer and customer, a key figure in collecting marketing information, reducing the demand uncertainty and improving customer satisfaction. In the CPFR process, by making reasonable evaluations and selections the distributors can ensure smoot...