We analyze the effects of a domestic standard that reduces an externality associated with the consumption of the good targeted by the standard, using a model in which foreign and domestic producers compete in the domestic good market. Producers can reduce expected damage associated with the externality by incurring a cost that varies by source of origin. Despite potential protectionism, the sta...

Building on the political economy literature, we develop a conceptual model and apply it to explain the OPEC pricing behavior. We model OPEC as a cartel-of-nations where politician use two instruments: production quotas and domestic fuel consumption subsidies. Our model explains the wedge between domestic fuel prices in OPEC countries and in the rest of the world. The empirical estimates show t...

OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the effect of a 5 New Taiwan Dollar (NTD 5) Health and Welfare Tax increase on the consumption of domestic and imported cigarettes and cigars. METHODS Using statistics published annually from 1971 through 2000, we set up a model based on the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) demand model to estimate price and expenditure elasticity coefficients of cigarettes a...

This paper focuses on an analysis of demand response in a smart grid context, presenting the model considerations and architecture. Domestic consumption is divided into groups in order to cover the adequate modeling. A fuzzy subtractive clustering method is applied to demand response on several domestic consumption scenarios and results analyses are presented. The demand response developed mode...

Alcohol's role in men's violence to women is a controversial issue. In the United Kingdom, little research has been conducted on the link between the two, and no in-depth studies have sought the views of the women who suffer such violence. This article reports on in-depth research with 20 women that aimed to hear their views on the role of alcohol in men's violence to them. The results of the r...