the central cholinergic system has been associated with cognitive function and memory and acetylcholine plays an important role during the early stages of memory consolidation. in this study, after training mice were tested with one way active avoidance procedure and retention were tested at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours of training and compared with non-shocked mice, in which it took 24 hours, a s...

Evidence suggests that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates conditioned fear memories and has effects on cognitive flexibility via the dopaminergic system. This study examines whether modulation of scopolamine-induced memory deficit by anodal tDCS could be mediated The male NMRI mice received scopolamine, 30 min before conditioning, showed impaired contextual retention. Mice...

the purpose of the present study was to determine the role of medial prefrontal cortex (mpfc) dopaminergic system in fear conditioning response considering individual differences. animals were initially counterbalanced and classified based on open field test, and then were given a single infusion of the dopamine agonist, amphetamine (amph) and antagonist, clozapine (clz) into the medial prefron...

Dopamine plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension by regulating epithelial sodium transport, vascular smooth muscle contractility and production of reactive oxygen species and by interacting with the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems. Dopamine receptors are classified into D(1)-like (D(1) and D(5)) and D(2)-like (D(2), D(3) and D(4)) subtypes based on their st...