Texts exhibit subtle yet identifiable modality about writers’ estimation of how true each statement is (e.g., definitely true or somewhat true). This study is an analysis of such explicit certainty and doubt markers in epistemically modalized statements for a written news discourse. The study systematically accounts for five levels of writer’s certainty (ABSOLUTE, HIGH, MODERATE, LOW CERTAINTY ...

Fishery science is usually perceived by its practitioners as being a critical and quantitative activity, deeply dependent on mathematical analysis; indeed, the introduction to a well-known text on fisheries science suggests that only those who are comfortable writing computer programs or playing with numbers should become involved in fisheries management. This blunt statement demonstrates what ...

The article examines epistemic emotions as part of the emotive-cognitive processes prosecutors’ knowledge seeking and decision making in preliminary investigation court proceedings. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, shadowing prosecutors Sweden, we show how motivate orient inquiries fundamental role ‘certainty–doubt spiral’ for ‘doing objectivity’. In conclusion, discuss centrality...

The expression of doubt and certainty is crucial in academic writing where the authors have to distinguish opinion from fact and evaluate their assertions in acceptable and persuasive ways. Hedges and boosters are two strategies used for this purpose. Despite their importance in academic writing, we know little about how they are used in different disciplines and genres and how foreign language...

this paper examines translating free indirect discourse (fid) in three persian translations of woolf's to the lighthouse. first, it is referred to narrative discourse and the linguistic markers of fid as well as its effects and functions briefly. then, translating fid in three hoseini's, bejanian's and keyhan's translations of woolf's novel is analyzed, through comparin...

Abstract We introduce two concepts—social certainty and social doubt—that help to articulate a variety of experiences the world, such as shyness, self-consciousness, culture shock, anxiety. Following Carel's (2013) analysis bodily doubt, which explores how person's tacit confidence in workings their body can be disrupted undermined illness, we consider an individual's faith themselves agent, to...

At least since the time of Popper, scientists have understood that science provides falsification, but not “proof.” In the world of environmental and technological controversies, however, many observers continue to call precisely for “proof,” often under the guise of “scientific certainty.” Closer examination of real-world disputes suggests that such calls may reflect not just a fundamental mis...