Hairy root cultures from red beet (Beta vulgaris L.), which could be used for the commercial production of biologically active betalain pigments, were cultivated in a 3 L bubble column bioreactor in batch mode with various rates of air supply. Both the growth of the roots and betalain volumetric yields were highest (12.7 g accumulated dry biomass/L and 330.5 mg/ L, respectively) with a 10 L/h (...

Exposing wet hair to high temperatures can create gas bubbles within the hair shaft, leading to brittle, dry hairs in a disorder known as bubble hair abnormality. We present a case of a 61-year-old woman who presented for hair breakage over her crown. She regularly dried her damp hair with a blow dryer. Dermoscopy revealed multiple bubbles within the hair shaft, and diagnosis of bubble hair abn...

Boiling is a very efficient way to transfer heat from a heater to the liquid carrier. We discuss the boiling crisis, a transition between two regimes of boiling: nucleate and film boiling. The boiling crisis results in a sharp decrease in the heat transfer rate, which can cause a major accident in industrial heat exchangers. In this communication, we present a physical model of the boiling cris...

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This paper investigates the evolution of defects in two-dimensional (2D) wet foams by using the dynamic bubble simulation approach. Two defect types are considered: a single large bubble, and a cluster of small bubbles inserted in an otherwise monodisperse hexagonal lattice. In the case of a single large defect bubble, the disorder of the cluster associated with the defect is seen to increase a...

We study diamagnetically levitated foams with widely different liquid fractions. Due to the levitation, drainage is effectively suppressed and the dynamics is driven by the coarsening of the foam bubbles. For dry foams, the bubble size is found to increases as the square root of foam age, as expected from a generalized von Neumann law. At higher liquid content the behavior changes to that of Os...

– We study experimentally the pressure drop needed to push a bubble train in a millimetric channel, as a function of the velocity. For dry liquid foams, the influence of the amount of liquid and of the bubble size is pointed out and we predict theoretically that this influence is closely related to the power law obtained for the force/velocity relation. This model is in fair agreement with our ...

Foam is the natural phenomenon of bubbles that arise due to nucleation of gas in liquids. The current state of art in Computer Graphics rarely includes foam effects on large scales. In this paper we introduce a vertexbased, quasi-static equilibrium model from the field of Computational Physics as a new paradigm for foam effects. Dynamic processes like gas diffusion and bubble collapse are added...

In this paper we report on bubble growth rates and on the statistics of bubble topology for the coarsening of a dry foam contained in the narrow gap between two hemispheres. By contrast with coarsening in flat space, where six-sided bubbles neither grow nor shrink, we observe that six-sided bubbles grow with time at a rate that depends on their size. This result agrees with the modification to ...