Synthetic stimulants can cause hallucinations, aggressive behaviors, death and are sometimes legal. These substances are sold as plant food and bath salts that are "Not for Human Consumption", therefore skirting the 1986 Federal Analogue Act and giving a false pretense of safety. Studies have proved that these substances are toxic, have a high abuse potential, and are becoming extremely prevale...

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder associated with significant impairments in occu pational, academic, neuropsychological, and social functioning. central nervous system (cns) stimulants are recommended as first-line medication therapy for children. cns stimulants include formulations of methylphenidate and amphetamine derivatives and...

Xerostomia, the subjective complaint of dry mouth, and hyposalivation remain a significant burden for many individuals. Diagnosis of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction is dependent upon a careful and detailed history and thorough oral examination. There exist many options for treatment and symptom management: salivary stimulants, topical agents, saliva substitutes, and systemic sialogog...

Increasing onion yield and improving bulb quality are essential aims for growers to fulfill the requirements of the market and the consumers. Two field experiments were carried out during two successive seasons; 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 at the experimental station of National Research Centre, Beheira Governorate (North of Egypt) to find out the influence of some bio-stimulants i.e., yeast extrac...

The vast majority of illicit stimulants act at monoaminergic systems, causing both psychostimulant and adverse effects. Stimulants can interact as substrates or antagonists the nerve terminal monoamine transporter that mediates reuptake monoamines across synaptic membrane vesicular (VMAT‐2) storage in vesicles. directly presynaptic postsynaptic receptors for have indirect monoamine‐mimetic acti...

There is a growing body of literature describing the development, clinical course, and treatment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), a diagnostic category introduced in the DSM-5. However, information surrounding complex cases of ARFID involving coexisting medical and/or psychiatric disorders remains scarce. Here we report on two cases of young patients diagnosed concurrently ...

In response to variation in food availability and ambient temperature (Ta), many animals show seasonal adaptations in their physiology. Laboratory studies showed that thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of metabolism, and their regulatory function is especially important when the energy balance of an individual is compromised. However, little is known about the relationship between ...

To cite: Ranchordas MK, Lundy B, Burke LM, et al. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:185–186. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Vitamin preparations have been a stalwart of the supplement industry. They reflect both our understanding that they are, by definition, essential for optimal health and function, as well as our fears that either the food supply, or the way we consume it, fails to provide us with optimal amoun...

PRIVATE IT. F. , aged 33, full service 12 years, in India 0 year?, admitted on the 13th August, 1872, into " The Buffs' " Hospital, suffering from remittent fever. The patient was a very anaemic and debilitated man?a bod subject for fever. On the 17th the disease assumed an asthenic type, and great prostration set in ; endermic injections of quinine were used, stimulants combined with most nutr...