Zimmerman, Leonard (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.). Survival of Serratia marcescens after freeze-drying or aerosolization at unfavorable humidity. I. Effects of sugars. J. Bacteriol. 84:1297-1302. 1962.-Suspensions of Serratia marcescens were subjected to freeze-drying or to aerosolization at unfavorable humidity levels. The survival of the cells during one or ...

Desiccation cracks in colloidal deposits occur to release the excess strain energy arising from competition between drying induced shrinkage of deposit and its adhesion substrate. Here we report remarkably different morphology desiccation dried patterns formed by evaporation sessile drops containing colloids on elastomer (soft) or glass (stiff) substrates. The change crack pattern, i.e., radial...

Non-uniform stresses, strains and microcracking of the concretes with three coarse aggregate sizes (5–10 mm, 10–16 16–20 mm) dried under 40% relative humidity (RH) for 60 days were quantified using digital image correlation lattice fracture modelling. The influencing mechanism size on drying-induced concrete was clarified: (1) As decreases, propagation paths are increased, which increase number...

The effect of polymer, plasticizer, and surfactant additives on stress development during drying of calcium carbonate particulate coatings was studied using a controlled-environment apparatus that simultaneously monitors drying stress, weight loss, and relative humidity. We found that the calcium carbonate coatings display a drying stress evolution typical of granular films, which is characteri...

Wood shrinks during drying with the departure of bond water. Along the fibre direction, the magnitude of this shrinkage is mainly governed by the orientation of cellulose microfibrils (MF) in the cell wall. However, tension wood has an unexpectedly high longitudinal shrinkage considering the fact that MFs are oriented nearly parallel to the cell direction. This effect is thought to be due to th...

As wood shrinks during the drying process, various stresses may develop and cause surface and internal checking. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the effect of the drying temperature, relative humidity, and specimen thickness on the contraction stress in elm wood (Ulmus pumila L.) specimens during drying. The contraction stress was used as an indirect indicator of drying ...

Wood shrinks during drying with the departure of bond water. Along the fibre direction, the magnitude of this shrinkage is mainly governed by the orientation of cellulose microfibrils (MF) in the cell wall. However, tension wood has an unexpectedly high longitudinal shrinkage considering the fact that MFs are oriented nearly parallel to the cell direction. This effect is thought to be due to th...

The propagation of fractures during the drying of a colloidal silica suspension confined in a vertical microtube is investigated. During the drying process, the particle concentration increases until gel formation. In the gelled region, the tensile stresses increase and lead to the formation of two vertical perpendicular cracks propagating in the drying direction, dividing the tube into four eq...