A subset of the mucosotropic human papillomaviruses (HPV), including HPV16, are etiologic agents for the vast majority of cervical cancers, other anogenital cancers, and a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. HPV16 encodes three oncogenes: E5, E6, and E7. Although E6 and E7 have been well-studied and clearly shown to be important contributors to these cancers, less is known about E...

Previously, we found that human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E5 protein is a tumor rejection antigen and can induce cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Therefore, in this study, human leukocyte antigen A*0201 (HLA-A*0201)-restricted human CTL epitopes of HPV-16 E5 protein were identified using a bioinformatics approach, and the abilities of these predicted peptides to induce an immune res...

Expression of HPV E5, E6 and E7 oncogenes are likely to overcome the regulation of cell proliferation and to escape immunological control, allowing uncontrolled growth and providing the potential for malignant transformation. Thus, their three oncogenic products may represent ideal target antigens for immunotherapeutic strategies. In previous attempts, we demonstrated that genetic vaccines agai...

The potential of the E5 protein as a tumor vaccine candidate has not been explored yet. In this study, we evaluate the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E5 protein delivered by an adenovirus vector as a tumor vaccine for cervical lesions. The results demonstrate that a single intramuscular injection of a recombinant adenovirus carrying the HPV-16 E5 gene into syngeneic animals can reduce th...

The E5 protein family of papillomaviruses comprises small hydrophobic proteins which are associated with the cell endomembrane compartments. The functions of the E5 proteins, particularly those of HPV, are still far from clear. We have reported that the E5 proteins of BPV-1, BPV-4, HPV-16 and HPV-6 down-regulate MHC class I, potentially helping the virus evade the host immune response. Others h...

Deregulation of proliferation and differentiation-dependent signalling pathways is a hallmark of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although the manipulation of these pathways by E6 and E7 has been extensively studied, controversies surround the role of the E5 oncoprotein during a productive virus life cycle. By integrating primary keratinocytes harbouring wild type or E5 knockout HPV18 geno...

The Galileo system introduces an extremely wideband civil E5 signal for high precision navigation. The structure of the receiver for the E5 signal is complicated due to the signal complexity and the large bandwidth. It is possible to process the whole E5 signal or process separately E5a and E5b parts combining obtained results afterwards (we call here such method as piece-wise processing). The ...

Anogenital cancers and head and neck cancers are causally associated with infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). The mechanism by which high-risk HPVs contribute to oncogenesis is poorly understood. HPV16 encodes three genes (HPV16 E5, E6, and E7) that can transform cells when expressed independently. HPV16 E6 and E7 have well-described roles causing genomic instability and unregula...

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) 16 is a DNA virus encoding three oncogenes--E5, E6, and E7. The E6 and E7 proteins have well-established roles as inhibitors of tumor suppression, but the contribution of E5 to malignant transformation is controversial. Using spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), we demonstrate that expression of HPV16 E5 is necessary and sufficient for the f...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major cause of uterine cervical cancer, but the role of the HPV E5 in carcinogenesis is not clearly understood. Prostaglandins are known to contribute to carcinogenesis of cervical cancer, and we therefore investigated the effect of HPV16 E5 on the expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors and underlying mechanisms. Stable expression of the E5 induced exp...