so far, the financial experts could not calculate independent earnings to have a necessary quality. in this case, they can reach a range of earnings, which show a more correct form of quality of earnings, of course with performing the suitable equitabilities. therefore, the concept of quality of earnings is not a fixed defining. however, it is a relative concept that depends to its relation to ...

We analyze the changes in earnings of paid workers (wage earners) in rural India from 2004/05 to 2011/12. Real earnings increased at all percentiles, and the percentage increase was larger at the lower end. Consequently, earnings inequality declined. Recentered influence function decompositions show that throughout the earnings distribution, except at the very top, both changes in “worker chara...

The earnings replacement rates of retired couples, which take into account the earnings and benefits of wives, are important for assessing the adequacy of social security benefits. Using data from the Social Security Administration’s longitudinal Retirement History Study, this article presents the first view of replacement rates for couples. The findings show that, though about half the wives c...

Temporary workers make up a sizeable part of the labor force in many countries, including Korea. This paper uses an extension of a standard efficiency wage model to explain the wage gap between temporary and permanent workers. Temporary workers have a chance to become permanent; this possibility – combined with the existence of an employment rent for permanent workers – gives short-term workers...

Using a data set of Taiwanese female graduates in 2006, this study finds that height and earnings are positively correlated for full-time workers. However, it is not because tall individuals went to better colleges or received better grades (cognitive ability), not because they are gifted with superior physical strength or because they have participated in more extracurricular activities (non-c...

this paper takes fundamental analysis research beyond the spatial and temporal bounds of previous studies. it was investigated that how detailed financial statement data enter the decisions of market makers by examining how current changes in the fundamental signals chosen can provide information on subsequent earnings changes. using tehran stock exchange’s firms data from 2003 to 2012, the rol...

Russia provides an interesting context for studying the labor market experiences of the elderly because of its experience with market transition, its looming growth in the elderly dependency ratio, and its unusual pension policies that do not penalize pensioners for working. We use data from twenty surveys of the Russian population conducted from February 1991 to November 2007 to analyze the la...

The interaction between the various departments of a full-service brokerage firm can have positive effects. An asset management department operates the firm’s mutual funds and has a need for high-quality information. Thus, the firm’s sell-side analysts in the research department are motivated to gather information about particular securities and to use the asset management department as an addi...

This paper surveys the literature on the determinants and consequences of securities class action lawsuits against firms and auditors from a financial reporting quality perspective. The survey is motivated by the important role that law plays in protecting stakeholders’ interests against managerial misdeed. Litigation is, thus, an important topic and numerous studies investigate the determinant...

This paper investigates the nature and consequences of sample attrition in a unique longitudinal survey of medical doctors. We describe the patterns of non-response and examine if attrition affects the econometric analysis of medical labour market outcomes using the estimation of physician earnings equations as a case study. We compare the econometric gestimates obtained from a number of differ...