In pig growth models, masses of body lipid (L) and body protein (P) are key state variables that can be related quantitatively to chemical and physical body composition for predicting growth response and carcass characteristics. The main chemical constituents in the empty body weight (EBW) are water (Wa), L, P, and ash. Within pig genotypes, Wa is independent of L and closely related to P (e.g....

The extended Baum-Welch (EBW) is the most popular algorithm for discriminative training of speech recognition acoustic models. The EBW algorithm is usually controlled with heuristic rules, which are used to determine the smoothing parameters of the algorithm. In this paper we propose a control method for EBW which is based on the optimization of an error measure over a small control set. The la...

Residual stresses in welds significantly affect the fatigue strength and stress corrosion crack resistance of the weld joint, and therefore, numerous studies have been made about the effects. The residual stress induced by electron beam welding (EBW) has also been researched in various approaches, but many of the study reports dealt with thick plates (50 mm or thicker) only.1–5) This was becaus...

In this work we compare two parameter optimization techniques for discriminative training using the MMI criterion: the extended Baum-Welch (EBW) algorithm and the generalized probabilistic descent (GPD) method. Using Gaussian emission densities we found special expressions for the step sizes in GPD, leading to reestimation formula very similar to those derived for the EBW algorithm. Results wer...

The AMR (Antenna—Mode-conversion—Ray-tracing) code [1, 2] has been recently coupled with the LUKE [3] Fokker-Planck code. This modeling suite is capable of complex simulations of electron Bernstein wave (EBW) emission, heating and current drive. We employ these codes to study EBW heating and current drive performance under spherical tokamak (ST) configurations—typical NSTX discharges are employ...

Overdense plasma heating with electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) is of large importance for fusion, since ultra high density operation is a promising fusion scenario for stellarators and heliotrons. The EBW physics is also important for spherical tokamaks (ST). Here the plasma core is inaccessible for standard ECRH with electromagnetic waves. The EBW driven current could help to stabilize MHD-mode...

Every 3 mo for a 2-yr period, two weaned Holstein steer calves (94.5 kg) were randomly assigned to each of four slaughter age groups (3, 6, 9, and 12 mo). Urea dilution was performed before slaughter, and urea space (US) was calculated as total volume and as a percentage of body weight (BW) and empty body weight (EBW). The relationships between US (kg, % EBW and % BW), BW, and EBW and carcass s...

AIMS To provide a quantitative assessment of the association between excess body weight (EBW) and the risk of primary liver cancer (PLC), we performed an updated meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. METHODS We searched PUBMED and EMBASE for studies of body mass index and the risk of PLC published through 15 th September 2011. Summary relative risks (SRRs) with their correspondi...

This paper presents a method for effectively using unlabeled sequential data in the learning of hidden Markov models (HMMs). With the conventional approach, class labels for unlabeled data are assigned deterministically by HMMs learned from labeled data. Such labeling often becomes unreliable when the number of labeled data is small. We propose an extended Baum-Welch (EBW) algorithm in which th...

An experiment was conducted to study energy retained (TER) as fat (TERF) and protein (TERP) in 3 strains of birds with different growth rate; commercial broilers, Barred Plymouth Rock, and Leghorns. Birds were fed ad libitum a diet providing 3,100 kcal of AMEn/kg and 20% CP from 0 to 42 d. Body composition, TER, TERF, and TERP were determined at 0, 7, 10, 15, 19, 23, 28, 33, 37, and 42 d of age...